Hematopoietic stem cells: An overview

Mosaad, Youssef M.

doi:10.1016/j.transci.2014.10.016

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…During ontogeny, the fate of SC is determined by the position in a niche, composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells and extracellular substrates that harbor growth factors, chemokines and proteases (Wolpert, 1996; Mosaad, 2014). SC niches minutely regulate SC location, quiescence/activation, symmetric/asymmetric division, and differentiation (Li and Neaves, 2006).…”

Section: Linking Cd44/cd44v6 Activities To Cic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, many cancer preferentially metastasize via the lymphatic system and TEX activate lymphatic EC (Yue et al, 2017; Nogués et al, 2018), a contribution of TEX-derived podoplanin being suggested (Carrasco-Ramírez et al, 2016). Also TEX induce upregulation of VEGFR3 and Lyve in lymphatic vessels (Mosaad, 2014; Thuma et al, 2016). Taken together, though there is ample evidence for the contribution of TEX to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, both aspects require further elaboration, particularly in concern about an explicit contribution of CD44v6, where the initiating trigger including the contribution of CD44v6-recruited miRNA remains to be explore.…”

Section: Cic Cd44 and Texmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression

Wang

Zhao

Hackert

et al. 2018

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, tumor progression proceeding through emigration from the primary tumor, gaining access to the circulation, leaving the circulation, settling in distant organs and growing in the foreign environment. The capacity of a tumor to metastasize relies on a small subpopulation of cells in the primary tumor, so called cancer-initiating cells (CIC). CIC are characterized by sets of markers, mostly membrane anchored adhesion molecules, CD44v6 being the most frequently recovered marker. Knockdown and knockout models accompanied by loss of tumor progression despite unaltered primary tumor growth unraveled that these markers are indispensable for CIC. The unexpected contribution of marker molecules to CIC-related activities prompted research on underlying molecular mechanisms. This review outlines the contribution of CD44, particularly CD44v6 to CIC activities. A first focus is given to the impact of CD44/CD44v6 to inherent CIC features, including the crosstalk with the niche, apoptosis-resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Following the steps of the metastatic cascade, we report on supporting activities of CD44/CD44v6 in migration and invasion. These CD44/CD44v6 activities rely on the association with membrane-integrated and cytosolic signaling molecules and proteases and transcriptional regulation. They are not restricted to, but most pronounced in CIC and are tightly regulated by feedback loops. Finally, we discuss on the engagement of CD44/CD44v6 in exosome biogenesis, loading and delivery. exosomes being the main acteurs in the long-distance crosstalk of CIC with the host. In brief, by supporting the communication with the niche and promoting apoptosis resistance CD44/CD44v6 plays an important role in CIC maintenance. The multifaceted interplay between CD44/CD44v6, signal transducing molecules and proteases facilitates the metastasizing tumor cell journey through the body. By its engagement in exosome biogenesis CD44/CD44v6 contributes to disseminated tumor cell settlement and growth in distant organs. Thus, CD44/CD44v6 likely is the most central CIC biomarker.

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Section: Linking Cd44/cd44v6 Activities To Cic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cic Cd44 and Texmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression

Wang

Zhao

Hackert

et al. 2018

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into all blood cell lineages (1), including the mononuclear phagocyte system from which OC arise. Consistent with the conventional view that bone marrow niches are the primary sites of postnatal hematopoiesis (1), medullary fractions from humans and animal models are excellent sources of OC precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoclasts—Key Players in Skeletal Health and Disease

Novack

Mbalaviele²

2016

Microbiol Spectr

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Summary The differentiation of osteoclasts (OC) from early myeloid progenitors is a tightly regulated process that is modulated by a variety of mediators present in the bone microenvironment. Once generated, the function of mature OC depends on cytoskeletal features controlled by an αvβ3-containing complex at the bone-apposed membrane, and the secretion of protons and acid-protease cathepsin K. OC also have important interactions with other cells in the bone microenvironment including osteoblasts and immune cells. Dysregulation of OC differentiation and/or function can cause bone pathology. In fact, many components of OC differentiation and activation have been targeted therapeutically with great success. However, questions remain about the identity and plasticity of OC precursors, and the interplay between essential networks that control OC fate. In this review, we summarize the key principles of OC biology, and highlight recently uncovered mechanisms regulating OC development and function in homeostatic and disease states.

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“…Hematopoiesis is the physiological process where a small number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously generate the body’s full complement of blood and immune cells [14, 22, 23]. While HSC niches are found primarily in the bone marrow in adult vertebrates, during development HSCs and their niches transition between multiple anatomical locations [9, 15, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities to Harnessing the (Hematopoietic) Stem Cell Niche

Choi

Harley

2016

Curr Stem Cell Rep

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In our body, stem cells reside in a microenvironment termed the niche. While the exact composition and therefore the level of complexity of a stem cell niche can vary significantly tissue-to-tissue, the stem cell niche microenvironment is dynamic, typically containing spatial and temporal variations in both cellular, extracellular matrix, and biomolecular components. This complex flow of secreted or bound biomolecules, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and cellular constituents all contribute to the regulation of stem cell fate specification events, making engineering approaches at the nano- and micro-scale of particular interest for creating an artificial niche environment in vitro. Recent advances in fabrication approaches have enabled biomedical researchers to capture and recreate the complexity of stem cell niche microenvironments in vitro. Such engineered platforms show promise as a means to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying niche-mediated stem cell regulation as well as offer opportunities to precisely control stem cell expansion and differentiation events for clinical applications. While these principles generally apply to all adult stem cells and niches, in this review, we focus on recent developments in engineering synthetic niche microenvironments for one of the best-characterized stem cell populations, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Specifically, we highlight recent advances in platforms designed to facilitate the extrinsic control of HSC fate decisions.

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Hematopoietic stem cells: An overview

Cited by 49 publications

References 88 publications

CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression

CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression

Osteoclasts—Key Players in Skeletal Health and Disease

Challenges and Opportunities to Harnessing the (Hematopoietic) Stem Cell Niche

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