“…To date, neural, pancreatic, and cardiac lineages have been the most claimed differentiation areas of hESCs as a result of intense interest in developing cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, paralysis, diabetes, and heart diseases Tables 3 - 5 . In addition, pluripotent hESCs have been claimed differentiation into many other clinically-relevant lineages and cell types in vitro through multi-lineage germ-layer induction, including hematopoieticcells [96, 97], hepatocytes [100-103], connective tissue progenitors [104], osteoblast and chondrocyte precursors [105-107], and mesenchymal stem cells [108, 109]. However, developing practical and efficient technology to be able to produce a large population of uniform uncontaminated progenies from hESCs for therapeutic application remains as a major challenge.…”