Hematolymphoid lesions of the sinonasal tract

Abstract

Summary Various hematolymphoid lesions involve the sinonasal tract, including aggressive B, T, and NK-cell neoplasms; myeloid sarcoma; low grade lymphomas; indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferations; and Rosai-Dorfman disease. Differentiating aggressive lymphomas from non-hematopoietic neoplasms such as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, or sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma may pose diagnostic challenges. In addition, the necrosis, vascular damage and inflammatory infiltrates which are associated with some hematolymphoid disorders can result in misdiagnosis as infectious, autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. Here, we review hematolymphoid disorders involving the sinonasal tract including their key clinical and histopathologic features.

Prognostic indicators of survival in sinonasal extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma

“…The nasal cavity (83.5%) was the most common site for sinonasal ENKTL. This agrees with prior studies; however, the proportion has slightly increased over the past few years . Several hypotheses exist for this apparent predilection for the nasal cavity.…”

“…The mean age of diagnosis in this cohort was 52.2, and the male:female ratio was 1.56, both consistent with prior studies suggesting the most common presentation is during the sixth decade of life with a male predeominance . Whereas there were no significant differences in presenting age between genders, there existed a significant difference in the age of presentation between races.…”

“…The mean age of diagnosis in this cohort was 52.2, and the male:female ratio was 1.56, both consistent with prior studies suggesting the most common presentation is during the sixth decade of life with a male predeominance. 2,5,[7][8][9] Whereas there were no significant differences in presenting age between genders, there existed a significant difference in the age of presentation between races. Asian/Pacific Islanders and Native Americans, the two races that predominantly comprise the "other" category on SEER, presented on average at a significantly older age of 56.2.…”

“…This has not been previously reported in the literature. It is well established that sinonasal ENKTL is more common in Asian and Latin American than Western countires . One explanation for this is the distribution of different strains of EBV in Asian counties and the rest of the world .…”

Comparison of Diagnostic Cytomorphology of Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma (Nasal Type) in Conventional Smears, Liquid-Based Preparations, and Histopathology

“…The most common finding is that of a polymorphous infiltration of small, medium, and large atypical lymphocytes interspersed with plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, was formerly designated as an angiocentric lymphoma owing to common findings of necrosis and angiocentric infiltration or angioinvasion [2, 3]. Accurate diagnosis of NK/T-cell lymphoma is a clinical challenge, especially based on small biopsy specimens as the neoplastic cells are often admixed with inflammatory cells and necrosis.…”