Hematology distinguishes coastal and offshore forms of dolphins (<i>Tursiops</i>)

Duffield, Deborah A.; Ridgway, Sam H.; Cornell, Lanny H.

doi:10.1139/z83-123

Cited by 84 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…An alternative explanation is that we made use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for sample evaluation, which is much more sensitive to mass differences than are assays based on electrophoretic mobility, where species with charge differences are most readily detected. In the previous studies, results of electrophoretic analysis led to the conclusion that offshore populations of T. truncatus typically have two types of Hbs, while coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins have only one Hb (Duffield et al, 1983;Hersh and Duffield, 1990). The latter authors point out that interbreeding has occurred in aquarium settings between offshore and coastal dolphins and that "intermediate" Hb patterns have been observed in the offspring of such pairings.…”

Section: Structural Heterogeneity Among Bottlenose Dolphin Hb Samplesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Many studies have reported that these organisms have higher than typical vertebrate levels of blood volume, Hb concentrations, hematocrit, and myoglobin concentrations (Ridgway and Johnston, 1966;Bryden and Lim, 1969;Elsner, 1969;Kooyman et al, 1980;Vogl and Fisher, 1982;Cornell, 1983;Duffield, Ridgway and Cornell, 1983;Snyder, 1983;Kanwisher and Ridgway, 1983;Ridgway et al, 1984;Qvist et al, 1986;Hedrick, Duffield and Cornell, 1986;Kooyman, 1986).…”

Section: Ecotypes Of Bottlenose Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The North Atlantic offshore ecotype is morphologically different from the coastal form (Hersh and Duffield, 1990;Mead and Potter, 1995). The two ecotypes have also been reported to have differences in their hematology and the numbers and types of Hb present (Duffield et al, 1983;Duffield, 1986;Hersh and Duffield, 1990). …”

Section: Ecotypes Of Bottlenose Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Duffield and co-workers reported that coastal bottlenose dolphins, unlike offshore ecotypes, have a single type of Hb (Duffield et al, 1983;Duffield, 1986;Hersh and Duffield, 1990). Dolphin blood containing a single Hb type was used in characterizing the amino acid sequences of the α and β chains of bottlenose dolphin Hb (Kleinschmidt and Braunitzer, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of coastal bottlenose dolphins revealed by structurally and functionally diverse hemoglobins

Remington

Stevens

Wells

et al. 2007

Gene

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Studies of structure-function relationships in the respiratory proteins of marine mammals revealed unexpected variations in the number and types of hemoglobins (Hbs) present in coastal bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. We obtained blood samples from free-ranging coastal bottlenose dolphins as a component of capture-release studies. We found that the oxygen-binding functions of bottlenose dolphin blood are poised between effector-saturated and unsaturated levels, enabling exercise-dependent shifts in oxygen transfer functions. Isolated bottlenose dolphin Hbs showed elevated pH sensitivities (Bohr effects) and appreciably lower oxygen affinities than adult human Hb in the absence of allosteric effectors. These properties may be an adaptive modification that enhance oxygen delivery during diving episodes when oxygen tensions and effector levels are low. The Hbs of individual dolphins showed similar oxygen affinities, responses to effectors, and expression of heme-heme interaction in oxygen binding, but differed in their redox potentials and rates of autoxidation. The heterogeneity suggested by these functional variations in Hbs of individual dolphins was born out by variations in the molecular weights and numbers of their α and β globin chains. Although coastal bottlenose dolphins were expected to have a single type of Hb, the mass differences observed revealed considerable genetic diversity. There were multiple Hb forms in some individuals and differences in Hb patterns among individuals within the same community.Keywords population diverstiy; alleles; oxygen binding; allostery; redox chemistry *Address correspondence to: Celia Bonaventura, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, Tel. 252−505−7591; Fax 252−728−6824, E-Mail: bona@duke.edu.. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. IntroductionBottlenose dolphins are widely distributed in both coastal and offshore waters throughout the world. Their relatively easy accessibility by researchers has made them one of the most frequently studied marine mammals (Leatherwood and Reeves, 1990). Despite this, few studies have sought to describe the characteristics of bottlenose dolphin hemoglobin (Hb). Our studies add to knowledge of these diving mammals by documenting exercise-dependent oxygenbinding functions of whole blood, by determining oxygen binding and oxidative functions of bottlenose dolphin Hb in the presence and absence of allosteric effectors, and by showing an unexpected diversity in coastal bottlenose dolphins Hbs.Hb is found in the erythrocytes of dolphins and other vertebrates and...

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Section: Structural Heterogeneity Among Bottlenose Dolphin Hb Samplesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Ecotypes Of Bottlenose Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecotypes Of Bottlenose Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Genetic diversity of coastal bottlenose dolphins revealed by structurally and functionally diverse hemoglobins

Remington

Stevens

Wells

et al. 2007

Gene

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“…Differences between nearshore and offshore populations have been found for this species in many geographic locations 4 (Ross, 1977;1984;Duffield et al, 1983;Ross and Cockroft, 1990;Van Waerebeck et al, 1990;Mead and Potter, 1995;Hoelzel et al, 1998). This great geographical variation has led some authors in the past to divide the genus Tursiops into as many as 20 different species (Hershkovitz, 1966;Rice, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effective population size of an offshore population of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil

Oliveira

Ott²,

Moreno

et al. 2017

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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The São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA) (00°56’N, 29°22’W) lies approximately 1010km northeast off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State in Brazilian waters. Recently, through photo-identification and group size analysis, around 20-30 individual bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from SPSPA were recognized as a resident, and potentially genetically isolated, population. The effective population size (Ne), not the census number (Nc), as well the sex ratio, are of primary concern from an evolutionary and conservation management perspectives. The estimate of Ne reflects the number of individuals responsible for the maintenance of genetic diversity of a species or population as well its evolutionary potential. For this reason, we present here the first Ne and sex ratio estimates for the bottlenose dolphin population from SPSPA. Sex was molecularly determined for 19 biopsy samples collected from bottlenose dolphins from SPSPA between January and February 2005. The Newas estimated by direct counting of reproductive adults sexed by DNA analysis. The resulting Ne was 12 individuals and the sex ratio was 1.11 male to 1 female, however, it was not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio (χ2 test, α= 0.05; df = 1). The effective population size based on the genetic diversity of 19 sequences of the mtDNA control region resulted in a female effective population size of 223 individuals, and the total long-term effective size of ~470 individuals. We believe that the estimated Ne for the SPSPA population is a critical value, because it is significantly lower than the mean minimum viable population (MVP) suggested for vertebrates (around 5000 breeding age adults). This small Ne is of great concern and should be taken into account in future management plans to ensure the conservation and protection of this small population at SPSPA.

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Distribution, abundance, and movements of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Pelagos Sanctuary MPA (north-west Mediterranean Sea)

Gnone¹,

Bellingeri²,

Dhermain

et al. 2011

Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.

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ABSTRACT1. The Pelagos Sanctuary is the largest marine protected area of the Mediterranean Sea (87 500 km 2 ), and is located in the north-west part of the basin. The presence of the bottlenose dolphin in this area is well documented but its distribution and abundance are not well known.2. The present study collected and analysed data from 10 different research groups operating in the Pelagos Sanctuary from 1994 to 2007. Photo-identification data were used to analyse the displacement behaviour of the dolphins and to estimate their abundance through mark-recapture modelling.3. Results show that the distribution of bottlenose dolphin is confined to the continental shelf within the 200 m isobath, with a preference for shallow waters of less than 100 m depth.4. Bottlenose dolphins seem to be more densely present in the eastern part of the sanctuary and along the north-west coast of Corsica.5. Bottlenose dolphins show a residential attitude with excursions usually within a distance of 80 km (50 km on average). A few dolphins exhibit more wide-ranging journeys, travelling up to 427 km between sub-areas.6. The displacement analysis identified two (sub)populations of bottlenose dolphins, one centred on the eastern part of the sanctuary and the other one around the west coast of Corsica.7. In 2006, the eastern (sub)population was estimated to comprise 510-552 individuals, while 368-429 individuals were estimated in the Corsican (sub)population. It was estimated that in total, 884 -1023 bottlenose dolphins were living in the Pelagos Sanctuary MPA in the same year.8. The designation of a number of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) under the Habitats Directive is discussed as a possible tool to protect the bottlenose dolphin in the Pelagos Sanctuary and in the whole of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Hematology distinguishes coastal and offshore forms of dolphins (Tursiops)

Cited by 84 publications

References 2 publications

Genetic diversity of coastal bottlenose dolphins revealed by structurally and functionally diverse hemoglobins

Genetic diversity of coastal bottlenose dolphins revealed by structurally and functionally diverse hemoglobins

Effective population size of an offshore population of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil

Distribution, abundance, and movements of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Pelagos Sanctuary MPA (north-west Mediterranean Sea)

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