Hematological Responses of Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax to Sublethal Nitrite Exposures

Scarano, G.; Saroglia, Marco; Gray, Robert H.; Tibaldi, E.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1984)113<360:hrosbd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Haemolytic anaemia, on the other hand, is the result of haemolysis or shortening the lifespan of erythrocytes in the circulation, a phenomenon commonly caused by chemical intoxication . A frequent cause of anaemia in fish may be due to the presence of NO 2 -following ammonia partial oxidation as reported by Scarano et al (1984); the latter also described beside haemolytic anaemia, the nitrite-induced functional anaemia in sea bass (Dicentrachus labrax). The process of intoxication typically interacts with either Hb, erythrocytic enzymes or elicits redox reactions resulting in erythrocytic membrane damage .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Cardiac remodelling, blood chemistry, haematology and oxygen consumption of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., induced by experimental haemolytic anaemia with phenylhydrazine

Powell¹,

Burke²,

Dahle³

2010

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Anaemia is a common pathology associated with many infectious and non-infectious diseases. The effects of haemolytic anaemia induced by i.p. injection of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) were studied in Atlantic cod. Phenylhydrazine injection (0.3 mg kg(-1)) in a DMSO and saline vehicle induced a reproducible and stable anaemia reducing haematocrit, (Hct) by 62% over 3 weeks. Controls consisted of fish injected with saline and DMSO/saline vehicle with minimal effects on Hct or whole blood haemoglobin (Hb). Although anaemia resulted in reduced blood lactate and glucose in PHZ injected fish, there were no effects of anaemia on blood, sodium, chloride or potassium. Similarly, there were no changes in the relative proportions of leucocytes in the blood although an increase in the number of immature erythrocytes was observed in the anaemic fish. Anaemic fish showed a 29 and 22% increase in cardiac somatic index (CSI) relative to saline and vehicle controls, respectively, although there were no significant differences in the linear dimensions of the ventricle. Changes in cardiac somatic and ventricular somatic index correlated positively and significantly with Hct but not with whole blood Hb concentration. Anaemic fish had significantly reduced resting routine oxygen consumption compared with vehicle controls but were not able to increase oxygen consumption following a bout of exhaustive exercise. Plasma lactate concentrations increased significantly after exercise to a greater extent in anaemic fish compared with vehicle control fish. Phenylhydrazine is a useful model for studying haemolytic anaemia in Atlantic cod with minimal effects on blood biochemistry and haematology and clearly reduces the aerobic capacity in Atlantic cod.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Anaemia is a common pathology in fishes associated with many different causes including nutritional (Pillay and Kutty 2005), environmental (Scarano et al 1984) as well as pathogen related (Woo et al 2003). Depending upon type and severity of anaemia, not only external aspects (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac remodelling, blood chemistry, haematology and oxygen consumption of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., induced by experimental haemolytic anaemia with phenylhydrazine

Powell¹,

Burke²,

Dahle³

2010

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…At the higher temperature, a decrease in PCV accompanied by a decrease in RBC and in the haemoglobin concentration (Hb), in addition to the constant MCV, can be possibly attributed to blood cell lysis. Since the high activity of the methaemoglobin-reductase system to convert the methaemoglobin to haemoglobin during nitrite exposure results in a high metabolic cost to the red blood cells, the normal life span of these cells is shortened (Scarano et al 1984). The activity of the methaemoglobinreductase system was probably enhanced by the higher temperature as mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nitrite Intoxication of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at Different Water Temperatures

et al. 2006

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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were exposed to nitrite (1.45 mmol·l -1 NO 2 -) for 48 hours at 14 °C and 20 °C, in order to investigate the mechanism of nitrite poisoning at these water temperatures. The effect of nitrite exposure on fish was assessed on selected haematological and biochemical indicators of the blood. Moreover, nitrite accumulation in the blood, liver and muscle was measured. Nitrite exposure produced high levels of methaemoglobin (88.2 ± 3.3% and 92.9 ± 6.1%) at both water temperatures compared with controls (0.3 ± 0.6% and 2.6 ± 3.0%). High fish mortality occurred in experimental groups (30% and 51%) compared with controls (0%). Nitrite exposure also resulted in an accumulation of nitrite in the fish body. The highest nitrite levels developed in the blood plasma, followed by the liver and muscle, respectively. Carp concentrated nitrite in the blood plasma and tissues to markedly higher levels at higher temperature (20 °C). The plasma nitrite concentrations (10.5 ± 1.9 mmol·l -1 ) were in this case more than 7 times higher than the environmental one. At lower temperature (14 °C), plasma nitrite concentration reached 5.0 ± 1.5 mmol·l -1 . In either event, plasma K + levels increased and Cl -levels and osmolality remained unchanged. Plasma Na + levels slightly decreased at the higher temperature. Nitriteexposed fish showed lower haematocrit values (PCV) at both experimental temperatures compared with controls. At 20 °C, the blood haematocrit decrease (0.20 ± 0.02 l·l -1 ) was accompanied by a low erythrocyte count (1.05 ± 0.12·10 12 l -1 ) and by a low haemoglobin level (51 ± 11 g·l -1 ). At the lower temperature (14 °C), the haematocrit decrease (0.25 ± 0.02 l·l -1 ) was caused by a low mean corpuscular volume (167 ± 27 fl). No significant changes were observed in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), or selected erythrocyte dimensions (major axis, minor axis and aspect ratio).

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“…Red blood cell shrinkage is usually followed by the loss of haemoglobin solubility, resulting in haemoglobin crystals and structural damage to erythrocytes (Jensen et al, 1987). Furthermore, the high activity of the methaemoglobin-reductase system to convert methaemoglobin to haemoglobin during nitrite exposure results in a high metabolic cost to the red blood cells, shortening the normal life span of these cells (Scarano et al, 1984;Jensen et al, 1987). These above-mentioned disturbances are followed by an increase in haematocrit, red blood cell counts and in the haemoglobin concentration (Brown and McLeay, 1975;Jensen, 1990;Avilez et al, 2004).…”

Section: Physiological Disturbances Induced By Nitritementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite influence on fish: a review

Kroupová¹,

Máchová²,

Svobodová³

2005

Vet. Med.

194

117

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ABSTRACT:Nitrite is an intermediate in the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate. An elevated ambient nitrite concentration is a potential problem for freshwater fish since nitrite is actively taken up across the gills in competition with chloride. Nitrite is a well-known toxicant for fish as well as a disrupter of multiple physiological functions including ion regulatory, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and excretory processes. One critical consequence of nitrite accumulation is the oxidation of haemoglobin to methaemoglobin, compromising blood oxygen transport. Nitrite toxicity to fish varies considerably and depends on a large number of external and internal factors. Among the most important ones are water quality (e.g. pH, temperature, cation, anion and oxygen concentration), length of exposure, fish species, fish size and age, and individual fish susceptibility. Chloride concentration in water is considered one of the most important factors influencing nitrite toxicity to fish. The importance of individual factors is assessed and re-evaluated continuously.

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Hematological Responses of Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax to Sublethal Nitrite Exposures

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Cardiac remodelling, blood chemistry, haematology and oxygen consumption of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., induced by experimental haemolytic anaemia with phenylhydrazine

Cardiac remodelling, blood chemistry, haematology and oxygen consumption of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., induced by experimental haemolytic anaemia with phenylhydrazine

Nitrite Intoxication of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at Different Water Temperatures

Nitrite influence on fish: a review

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