Hematological responses of common carp Cyprinus carpio administered with Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extraction

Abstract

The study investigated the effect of Neem Leaf Extract (NLE)—a herbal product on hematological parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Common carp fry were fed on diets having different levels of NLE [no NLE (D1), 0.25(D2), 0.5(D3), 1.0(D4), 1.5(D5), 2.0(D6) g/kg in basal diet containing rice bran and mustard] for 180 days in outdoor tanks. The results revealed an increase in TEC, TLC and PCV in groups D2-D6 compared to control (P less than 0.05), but increased PCV was observed only in D2, D3 and D4 groups. Further, increasing trend for Hb content was observed from D2-D6 irrespective of NLE levels. The MCV values decreased with increase in levels of NLE in contrast to MCHC, whereas MCH considerably varied among the treatments. Significantly increased total protein and globulin was also observed while albumin to globulin ratio did not show any response in any of the treatments. Collectively, these observations support the hypothesis that the response of hematological parameters to NLE treatment is regulated via both positive and negative feedback mechanisms, with differential modulations based on the NLE levels. The results imply that NLE can boost the immune system via hematological parameters by increasing TEC, TLC, PCV, Hb at certain levels.

Hematological and histological effect of fractionated neem leaf extract in healthy Wistar rats

“…The data presented in this report, showed that short term and long term treatment with IRACARP ® caused no significant change in the total white blood cell count. This finding is contrary to the result obtained from previous studies who reported that neem extract increased the total WBC following administration of substances that were toxic to animal hematology (Anokwuru et al, 2011;Kapinga et al, 2018;Kaur et al, 2019). However, Ashafa et al (2012) observed that neem extract significantly reduced WBC in wistar rats.…”

Effect of Azadirachta indica and Phyllanthus niruri Plant Meal on Performance and Health in Growing Calves

“…These results suggest that supplementation could enhance the immune response involved in the control of infectious diseases, as observed in the pneumonia cases in our experiment. A similar phenomenon was observed in broiler chickens and carp fed Azadirachta indica extract, evidently increasing the number of W BC (Kwawukume et al, 2013;Kaur et al, 2019). A previous study showed that an extract of Phyllanthus niruri increased the functional maturation of dendritic cells (Nworu et al, 2010).…”

“…The results showed that supplementation with the herbal mixture significantly increased hematocrit values (quadratic effect, P= 0.03), with a tendency to also increase hemoglobin levels (quadratic effect, P= 0.06), mean corpuscular volume (MCV; linear effect, P= 0.07) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; linear effect, P= 0.1). Few studies have analyzed blood parameters in animals treated with extracts based on Phyllanthus niruri and Azadirachta indica, however Kaur et al (2019) showed similar results. In contrast, Nagalakshmi et al (1999), did not observe changes in the hemoglobin levels of broilers treated with Azadirachta indica extract; Gupta et al (2001) observed similar results with administration of Azadirachta indica extracts orally in rats for 60 days.…”