Hematological reference values of the snakes Oxyrhopus guibei and Xenodon neuwiedii (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)

Ozzetti, Priscila Aparecida; Cavlac, Carolina Limonge; Sano-Martins, Ida Sigueko

doi:10.1007/s00580-013-1866-6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…During the last decades a large amount of data has also been collected in parallel for veterinary purposes, but even in this case, the large majority of studies involved few individuals and did not account for possible seasonal variation neither did cover a significant portion of the geographic range of the species ( Table 1 ). To date, only a very restricted number of studies have focused on reptiles hematology in wild populations over large geographic ranges [ 6 , 26 , 30 ]. Dickinson et al [ 6 ] supplied RI (with seasonal and annual variation) for 36 radio-tagged Gopherus agassizii sampled in three localities of the Sonoran desert, Ozzetti, et al [ 26 ] supplied leukocyte baseline for Oxyrhopus guibei and Xenodon neuwiedii in Brazil collecting individuals opportunistically, leading to sample de facto only one individual for each locality, whereas Gangloff et al [ 30 ] supplied a baseline for the heterophils to lymphocytes ratio on a sample of 86 Thamnophis sirtalis collected in 12 populations widespread over the distribution range in North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, only a very restricted number of studies have focused on reptiles hematology in wild populations over large geographic ranges [ 6 , 26 , 30 ]. Dickinson et al [ 6 ] supplied RI (with seasonal and annual variation) for 36 radio-tagged Gopherus agassizii sampled in three localities of the Sonoran desert, Ozzetti, et al [ 26 ] supplied leukocyte baseline for Oxyrhopus guibei and Xenodon neuwiedii in Brazil collecting individuals opportunistically, leading to sample de facto only one individual for each locality, whereas Gangloff et al [ 30 ] supplied a baseline for the heterophils to lymphocytes ratio on a sample of 86 Thamnophis sirtalis collected in 12 populations widespread over the distribution range in North America. Given the lack of reliable RI, there is the need to develop standardized techniques [ 5 ] to collect data from wild populations, to be able to properly use leukocyte profiles in ecological and conservation studies of reptiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical methodology for the evaluation of leukocyte data in wild reptile populations: A case study with the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)

Sacchi

Scali²,

Coladonato

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The leukocyte profile has the potential to be a reliable method to measure health conditions and stress in wild animals, but limitations occur because current knowledge on reference intervals is largely incomplete, especially because data come from studies on captive animals involving few individuals from single populations. Here we propose a general framework for achieving reliable leukocyte reference intervals, encompassing a set of internal and external factors, potentially affecting the leukogram. To do so, we present a systematic survey of the hematology of the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis , involving 794 lizards from 54 populations over the whole geographic range of the species in Italy. Reference intervals for white blood cell (WBC) and leukocyte differential count were obtained by using linear mixed models in a Bayesian framework. The application of the procedure clearly showed that both internal (sex and size) and external (latitude and season) factors are a source of variation of leukocyte profile. Furthermore, the leukogram of common wall lizard has a strong variability among populations, which accounts for more than 50% of the whole variation. Consequently, some common assumptions used in studies on captive individuals are no longer supported in wild populations, namely, i) any group of individuals is a representative sample, ii) any population is representative of all others, iii) geographic clines do not occur over the species range, and iv) seasonal variation has limited effects. We encourage researchers aimed at the definition of leukocyte reference intervals for wild populations of reptiles to involve a large number of populations over a wide geographic range in ad hoc statistical models to disentangle local and geographic effects on leukocyte profile variation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical methodology for the evaluation of leukocyte data in wild reptile populations: A case study with the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)

Sacchi

Scali²,

Coladonato

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…In terms of blood morphometrics, several researchers have noted that reptiles are a heterogeneous group because they show significant variations between orders and even within the same family members (Louei Monfared, 2014; Ozzetti et al, 2013; Starck et al, 2017; Zayas et al, 2011). The morphometric measurements of V. niloticus red blood cells in the present study showed that the nuclei were 18.0 ± 0.9 μm long, with an average cross‐sectional area of 141.1 ± 14.1 μm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of Varanus niloticus (Squamata, Varanidae) blood cells

Soliman

Abd‐Elhafeez

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Varanus niloticus is a lizard residing within the Varanidae family. To date no studies detailing its blood morphology and characteristics have been conducted. This study used histologically stained blood and bone marrow samples to visualize the cells and their characteristics. The erythrocytes were nucleated, these nuclei were located in the middle of the elliptical cells. Hemoglobin filled the erythrocyte cytoplasm. Eosinophils were large cells with lobed nuclei and spherical acidophilic granules. Large granulocytes called heterophils were present and characterized by their fusiform/ pleomorphic cytoplasmic granules. Small spherical granulocytes, known as basophils, presented with round, deeply stained metachromatic granules that gave the cytoplasm a dusty or cobblestoned appearance which was able to cover the nucleus, which in turn had an unusual shape. Thrombocytes ranged in shape from ellipsoidal to fusiform. They featured an elliptical, centrally located nucleus and a pale cytoplasm, with small vacuoles, and fine acidophilic granulation. The smallest variety of non-granular leukocytes was the lymphocytes. Their cytoplasm was sparse, finely granular, light blue, had tiny cytoplasmic projections, featuring a high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio. Larger and smaller sized populations of lymphocytes were distinguished, with the larger cells similar in size to azurophils. In general, the pleomorphic monocytes were the biggest mononuclear leucocytes, displaying cytoplasmic projections.Their nuclei were ovoid, kidney-or bean-shaped, with vacuolated and granular cytoplasms. Round cells were common among the monocytic azurophils, and they had a granular cytoplasm, and their nuclei were typically eccentric. The present research identifies the cell types and morphologies within the Varanus niloticus. Highlights• H&E, PAS, toluidine blue, methylene blue, and Safranin O stains provided morphological and morphometric descriptions of Varanus niloticus blood cells from blood smears and bone marrow.

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Hematology of Serpentes

Black¹,

Bercier²

2022

Schalm's Veterinary Hematology

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Hematological reference values of the snakes Oxyrhopus guibei and Xenodon neuwiedii (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Statistical methodology for the evaluation of leukocyte data in wild reptile populations: A case study with the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)

Statistical methodology for the evaluation of leukocyte data in wild reptile populations: A case study with the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)

Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of Varanus niloticus (Squamata, Varanidae) blood cells

Hematology of Serpentes

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