Hematological profiling of tuberculosis-infected and co-morbid patients: A study carried out in central Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a chronic bacterial infection affecting many organs of the body particularly the lungs. Another organ seriously affected by TB is the hematopoietic system. TB patients coinfected with other disorders are more prone to death than TB alone. This study was aimed to investigate the variations in hematological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients co-infected with chronic infectious and metabolic disorders. The study population (n = 366) include PTB patients (positive control) and PTB patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes, and myocardial infarction (MI). Healthy individuals (n = 95) were also included as normal control. All the study subjects were screened for PTB, diabetes, HCV infection, MI, and HIV infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm MTB infection at molecular level. Among 366 Ziehl-Neelsen positive cases, 258 (70.5%) were confirmed PTB positive by PCR. Among them, 36.8% were infected with PTB only, while 24% were co-morbid with diabetes, 17.8% co-infected with HCV, 11.2% with diabetes and HCV, 4.2% with HIV, 2.3% with both HCV and HIV, and 3.4% co-morbid with MI. Significant (P < 0.01) variations were observed in hematological profile of different study groups. The study concluded that significant increase in PTB patients co-infected with HCV, HIV, diabetes, and MI suggests the investigation of co-morbidities to rule out PTB co-infection with infectious and metabolic disorders before the start of anti-TB drug therapy.

Hematological manifestations in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis

“…Insight into the relationship between haematological abnormalities and mycobacterial infection has come from an understanding of the immunology of mycobacterial infection. 5 In our study that showed male predominance, anemia was seen in 82.6% of patients. Similar finding were noted by Erhabor where anemia was seen in 88.7% of cases with male predominance.…”

“…3 The spread of this disease is caused by several factors notably Email: dryasmeenbatool@gmail.com the HIV/AIDS epidemic, low socio-economic status, overcrowding and malnutrition. [4][5][6] A study in Karachi provides evidence for a strong positive association between tuberculosis and diabetes. 7 A study in Jamshoro detected primary multi drug resistant tuberculosis more commonly in previously diagnosed and treated patients but also in newly diagnosed pulmonary patients and its due to dissemination of MDR cases within the community, difficult to treat.…”

Recovery of E. coli From Liver and Spleen of Broiler Birds and the Effects of Induced High Ammonia Level on Haematobiochemical Parameters and Its Amelioration by Different Modifiers

“…Lack of oxygen may occur due to impaired oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs. Olanrewaju et al (2008) 29 reported higher respiratory rates in the birds exposed to high NH 3 levels which showed that oxidative stress may occur in broiler birds due to high atmospheric NH 3 . The increase in packed cell volume in the positive control group indicates an increased erythropoiesis as a compensatory mechanism of producing RBCs in response to the hypoxic condition.…”

Evaluation of prognostic significance of hematological profiles after the intensive phase treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Romania

“…There are limited studies which have shown that hematological parameters play an essential role in treatment strategies [ 42 ] based on the correlations between the levels of these markers in the peripheral blood with the outcomes of treatment against PTB.…”