Hematological complications in dengue

Abstract

Dengue, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is an acute febrile illness with symptoms ranging from fever to severe complications like hemorrhagic fever. Approximately 500 million people in the Americas are at risk, making it an emerging tropical disease. This study reviews hematological complications associated with dengue from 2003 to 2023, addressing lymphohistiocytosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and others. Lymphohistiocytosis, often underdiagnosed due to its similarity to dengue, carries a risk of fatal outcomes. Thrombocytopenia, common in severe cases, is linked to disseminated coagulation. Sickle cell anemia exacerbates dengue due to intravascular hemolysis, leading to hospitalizations and transfusions. Dengue can suppress bone marrow, complicating sickle cell anemia. Hematological findings include thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment are emphasized, especially for sickle cell patients. Effective management requires an integrated approach, considering each patient's characteristics.