Hematological and histopathological effects of swainsonine in mouse

Abstract

BackgroundLivestock that consume locoweed exhibit multiple neurological symptoms, including dispirited behavior, staggered gait, trembling, ataxia, impaired reproductive function and cellular vacuolar degeneration of multiple tissues due to toxicity from plant-derived alkaloids such as swainsonine.ResultsSwainsonine was administered to F0 and F1 mice by intraperitoneal injection before, during and after pregnancy at the following doses: 0.525 mg/kg BW(I), 0.2625 mg/kg BW(II), 0.175 mg/kg BW(III) and 0 mg/kg BW(IV). Hemosiderin deposits were observed the lamina propria of endometrium in uterus and the red pulp of spleen. Ovary corpus lutea counts in F0 mice were higher in swainsonine-treated mice compared to control mice. Indirect bilirubin content and reticulocyte numbers were increased in swainsonine-treated F0 and F1 generation mice compared to control group (P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase content in F0-I and F0-II mice were significantly increased compared with F0-IV group mice (P < 0.05). Red blood cells, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased in F0 and F1 mice compared with the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSwainsonine exerts effects on estrus period and reproductive ability, and offspring of dams dosed with swainsonine were affected in-utero or from nursing. Damage to liver, uterus and spleen, as well as hematological changes, are observable before neurological symptoms present.

Hematological and Histopathological Effects of Subacute Aconitine Poisoning in Mouse

“…Physiological and biochemical indices of blood are sensitive indicators of the health of animals, reflecting the metabolism, organ function and nutritional level ( 28 , 29 ). In this study, both sexes of rats were used in this study, and there was no apparent difference between males and females in the measured parameters.…”

Impaired Indole Acetic Acid and Reduced Indole-Producing Bacteria Contribute to Swainsonine-Induced Liver Inflammation

“…Swainsonine causes neurological disorders in livestock, 4 and several studies have shown that swainsonine can cause liver damage before inducing neurological disorders. 5 The gut−liver axis is defined as the relationship between the gut microbiota and the liver, which is influenced by dietary, genetic, and environmental factors. 6 The regulation of the intestinal microbiota is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the gut−liver axis, and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can lead to increased intestinal permeability, whose metabolites can gain access to the liver via the portal vein, resulting in hepatic inflammation.…”

“…17 Previous investigations revealed that swainsonine caused hepatic inflammation in livestock. 5 Our previous study showed an important role of bile acids (BAs) in the pathogenesis of swainsonine-induced hepatic inflammation. Swainsonine markedly increased the concentrations of taurine-beta-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA), inhibited FXR-SHP signaling pathway, and increased total BA concentrations, leading to hepatic inflammation.…”

“…Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid produced by the endophytic fungus Alternaria, and the chemical structure is exhibited in Figure S1. Swainsonine causes neurological disorders in livestock, and several studies have shown that swainsonine can cause liver damage before inducing neurological disorders …”

Swainsonine Induces Liver Inflammation in Mice via Disturbance of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism

“…32 Researchers have found that liver damage from swainsonine is observable before the onset of neurological symptoms. 33,34 However, it is unclear whether swainsonine induces liver injury via the enterohepatic circle. In this study, we hypothesized that BA metabolites from intestinal microbes contributed to the swainsonine-induced liver inflammation.…”