“…Reduced paternal antigen exposure such as nulliparity, shorter periods of sexual cohabitation, and changing paternity demonstrate increased risks for developing preeclampsia, indicating immunological contribution to the pathogenesis [20,21]. Some maternal conditions, such as advanced maternal age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are also associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia [1,2]. These maternal conditions have been reported to be associated with endothelial dysfunction, which may contribute to increased risk of preeclampsia [22].…”