Hematologic and Cytogenetic Evidence for Hematopoietic Chimerism in the Marmoset, Tamarinus nigricollis

Gengozian, Nazareth; Batson, Jerre S.; Eide, Per Kristian

doi:10.1159/000129828

Cited by 64 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…callitrichid ͉ genetic chimerism ͉ genomic conflict ͉ social behavior G enetic chimerism, the mingling of two or more genomic lineages within an individual (1), is rare in mammals, but chimerism is prevalent in the hematopoietic tissues of marmosets and other callitrichid primates (2,3). In these species, fraternal twins exchange cell lines through chorionic fusion during early development (2,4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In these species, fraternal twins exchange cell lines through chorionic fusion during early development (2,4,5). On the basis of karyotypic evidence from Callithrix jacchus (2,3), estimates are that 95% of pregnancies result in the birth of hematopoietic chimeric twins. Chorionic fusion of the twins' placentas begins on day 19 and is complete by day 29, forming a single chorion with anastomoses connecting the embryos, which are still at a presomite stage in development (4-7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fusion of the chorions and a delay in embryonic development at this stage allows the exchange of embryonic stem cells via blood flow between the twins (2,8). As a result, the infants are genetic chimeras with tissues derived from self and sibling embryonic cell lineages (2,3,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii )

Ross

French

Ortı́

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

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The formation of viable genetic chimeras in mammals through the transfer of cells between siblings in utero is rare. Using microsatellite DNA markers, we show here that chimerism in marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii) twins is not limited to blood-derived hematopoietic tissues as was previously described. All somatic tissue types sampled were found to be chimeric. Notably, chimerism was demonstrated to be present in germ-line tissues, an event never before documented as naturally occurring in a primate. In fact, we found that chimeric marmosets often transmit sibling alleles acquired in utero to their own offspring. Thus, an individual that contributes gametes to an offspring is not necessarily the genetic parent of that offspring. The presence of somatic and germ-line chimerism may have influenced the evolution of the extensive paternal and alloparental care system of this taxon. Although the exact mechanisms of sociobiological change associated with chimerism have not been fully explored, we show here that chimerism alters relatedness between twins and may alter the perceived relatedness between family members, thus influencing the allocation of parental care. Consistent with this prediction, we found a significant correlation between paternal care effort and the presence of epithelial chimerism, with males carrying chimeric infants more often than nonchimeric infants. Therefore, we propose that the presence of placental chorionic fusion and the exchange of cell lines between embryos may represent a unique adaptation affecting the evolution of cooperative care in this group of primates.callitrichid ͉ genetic chimerism ͉ genomic conflict ͉ social behavior

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Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii )

Ross

French

Ortı́

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

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“…With respect to the other chimeric female detected by cytogenetics, we suppose that there was no amplification of the SRY gene, because of the low quality of the DNA extracted (Table II). The presence of two cell lineages 2n=46,XX/46,XY in Callithrix, comes from the cellular exchange via placental anastomosis between heterosexual twins (Benirschke et al 1962, Gengozian et al 1964). The frequent occurrence of chimerism (Ardito et al 1995, Gengozian et al 1980) in callitrichids may be related to evolutionary aspects about their social systems (Haig 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the full were found in marmosets (Benirschke et al 1962, Benirschke and Brownhill 1963, Gengozian et al 1964, 1969.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Chimerism in Marmosets (Callithrix: Primates)

Silva

Armada

Verona³

et al. 2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The birth of fraternal twins is a characteristic frequently observed in callitrichids. Cytogenetic studies have demonstrated hematopoietic chimerism in marmosets with the occurrence of two cell lines 2n=46,XX/46,XY in females and males co-twins, without phenotypic changes. Amplification by PCR have also been used to verify the presence of the SRY gene in female chimaeras. Our aim was to verify the occurrence of chimerism in Callithrix sp. individuals considered as hybrids according to their intermediate phenotypes between C. jacchus and C. penicillata. Blood samples from 37 Callithrix sp. individuals were collected. Hematopoietic chimerism 2n=46,XX/46,XY was detected by cytogenetic analysis in five individuals, three males and two females. A fragment of approximately 200bp of the SRY gene was amplified in seven females with normal external genitalia. The percentage of 32% of chimeric individuals detected in the present study is similar to that observed for pure specimens of Callithrix. These data suggests that hybridization probably does not interfere with the occurrence of twin gestation, nor of chimerism. Although cytogenetics is the main tool to identify the two cell lineages present in cases of chimerism, the amplification of the SRY gene by PCR has proved to be more efficient to identify the Y chromosome in cases of chimeric female marmoset.

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