Hemato-biochemical changes during xylazine-ketamine and xylazine-thiopentone anesthesia in dogs

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate certain haemato-biochemical changes during Xylazine-Ketamine (X-K) and Xylazine-Thiopentone (X-T) anesthesia in dogs. Methods: For this, six dogs of 18 to 25 kg BW were selected and divided into two groups: Group I (X-K) and Group II (X-T). Atropine sulfate @ 0.05 mg/kg BW (IM) was used for premedication in both groups. Dogs in Group I (n=3) were anaesthetized with Xylazine HCl @ 1.1 mg/kg BW (IM) and Ketamine HCl @ 5.5 mg/kg BW (IM), whereas Xylazine HCl @ 1.1mg/kg BW (IM) and Thiopentone sodium @ 20 mg/kg BW (IV) were used for anesthesia in Group II (n=3). In both groups, peripheral blood samples were collected from the dogs before induction of anesthetic agents (control) and thereafter on 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes of post-induction and again after complete recovery from anesthesia to evaluate hematological changes in Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). In addition, serum biochemical changes in Total Serum Protein (TSP), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Chloride (Cl) were also assessed in both groups. Results: TEC, Hb, and PCV were altered significantly (P<0.05) in most of the cases, TSP was decreased significantly (P<0.05) but BUN was increased significantly (P<0.05), and creatinine was also increased in both groups during the experiment. There were mild alterations in Na, K, and Cl values after induction, and found near to the baseline (control) after recovery. Conclusions: These findings ascertained that the anesthetic combinations of X-K and X-T assert some definite haemato-biochemical changes in dogs which should be carefully judged by the veterinarians during surgical interventions to avoid anesthesia-related risks and complications.

Anaesthetic Evaluation of Various Combinations of Xylazine, Ketamine and Tiletamine-zolazepam in Dogs

“…Group C had ketamine which leads to muscle stiffness and catalepsy reducing the muscle relaxation score a bit. Xylazine being an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist inhibits dopamine and catecholamines blocking the nerve impulse to CNS and leads to relaxation of striated muscles (Munif et al, 2021). Pedal reflex was absent in all the groups post induction denoting a good state of analgesia.…”

“…Tiletamine-zolazepam leads to mild to moderate respiratory depression (Gomez-Villamandos 2013). Decreasing rectal temperature in all three groups throughout the study period could be due muscle relaxation, reduction in metabolic rate and depression of thermoregulatory centre by anaesthetic agents (Munif et al, 2021 andLu et al, 2014). Higher values of capillary refill time reported post induction and significant difference present between the groups could be due to presence of alpha-2 agonists.…”

Evaluation of Haemato-biochemical Effects of Tiletamine-zolazepam Alone and in Combination with Xylazine or Xylazine-ketamine in Atropinized Dogs

“…Heart rate values showed significant (p<0.05) increase in first 25 minutes in all three groups followed by a nonsignificant drop. Significant reduction in rectal temperature could be due muscle relaxation, reduction in metabolic rate and depression of thermoregulatory centre by anaesthetic agents (Munif et al, 2021 andLu et al, 2014). Haemoglobin oxygen saturation values reported drop at 25 minutes in all three groups followed by an increasing trend in the values throughout the anaesthetic period.…”