Hemato-biochemical alterations and urinalysis in dogs suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract

Aim:The study was designed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical alterations, urinalysis along with histomorphological and histological changes of prostate glands in dogs affected with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.Materials and Methods:In toto, 445 dogs presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, one Government Veterinary Hospital and two pet clinics in and around Bhubaneswar screened for the presence of BPH. Most of the 57 dogs were 6 years and above as reported by the owners. Only 57 dogs found positive for BPH basing on the presence of typical clinical signs subjected for a detailed hemato-biochemical study. Most of the 57 dogs were 6 years and above as reported by the owners. Routine and microscopic urinalyses were done as per the routine procedure. Histomorphological evaluations of prostate glands were done through manual rectal palpation. Histological examinations of prostate tissue sections of two dead dogs were conducted with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain.Results:The study revealed about 12.8% (57/445) of dogs was suffering from BPH. Typical clinical signs - such as passing small thin tape-shaped feces, holding tail away from backward, tenesmus, and straining during urination and defecation - were seen in most of the cases. Urine samples of affected dogs were positive for glucose, occult blood, and protein. A significant decrease in lymphocytes and increase in eosinophil counts in dogs with BPH was recorded. Serum biochemical analysis showed a nonsignificant increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio. Histology of prostate glands collected during postmortem was characterized by fibrosis of prostate gland, and hyperplasia of the acinar epithelium.Conclusions:High rate of the prevalence of BPH in dogs poses an alarming condition which if diagnosed at an early stage can certainly prolong the longevity of the dogs.

Effects of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract on the Hormones, Serum Biochemicals, and Hematological Parameters in Dogs with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

“…Te same trend happened to the WBCs, and their percentages didn't change signifcantly (Table 4), which was similarly in line with the previous studies [1,36].…”

“…Regarding the hematological parameters, it was observed that the EELR in both doses didn't cause a signifcant change between the dogs with BPH and the healthy dogs, as it had in the previous studies [1,36]. Tis issue demonstrated that there was no blood toxicity following the consumption of the EELR.…”

“…However, the changes were not signifcant; thus, they did not have a huge impact. Even that slight elevation of the liver indices could be caused by the natural cell-damaging efects of BPH [36]. In addition, the anti-infammatory potential of insulin was observed [37].…”

Clinical approach to prostatic diseases in the dog

“…BPH is the most common prostatic disease diagnosed in the dog and affects approximately 80% of intact male dogs over 5 years old (Sirinarumitr et al, ) and more than 95% of intact male dogs over 9 years old (Gobello & Corrada, ). Large breeds such as Doberman, German Shepherd, Rhodesian Ridgeback and Labrador Retriever appear to be predisposed to BPH (Das, Patra, Das, Rath, & Mishra, ; Polisca, Troisi, Fontaine, Menchetti, & Fontbonne, ; Wolf et al, ). Several theories have been proposed to explain the aetiology, but only three facts have proven to be implied in both species: The incidence of BPH increases with advanced age; The presence of functioning testes is required; Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the active metabolite of testosterone, is more concentrated in hyperplastic prostatic tissue compared to normal tissue. …”

“…Sometimes the organ is not symmetric because of large intraparenchymal cysts or the cobblestone‐like appearance of its surface (Lopate, ). Haematologic findings and urinalysis are usually normal even if haematuria may be present (Das et al, ) and the prostatic fraction of seminal plasma too is frequently haemorrhagic. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures of seminal plasma and urine are negative (Read & Bryden, ), while cytology and bacterial culture of prostate secretions may be useful to exclude or to confirm the concomitance of multiple prostatic disorders, even if do not provide definitive diagnosis of BPH (Greer, ).…”