Helping parents with preterm infants: Field test of a protocol

Barnard, Kathryn E.; Hammond, Mary A.; Sumner, Georgina; Kang, Rebecca; Johnson-Crowley, Nia; Snyder, Charlene Hoffman; Spietz, Anita; Blackburn, Susan; Brandt, Patricia; Magyary, Diane

doi:10.1080/0300443870270204

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NCAFS) and Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) were used to assess mother-infant interaction in this study, (Barnard & Bee, 1983;Barnard et al, 1987). The scales consist of 149 items that are answered on a yes/no form and yield a summary score.…”

Section: Mother-infant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention for infants with brain injury: Results of a randomized controlled study

Badr

Garg

Kamath

2006

Infant Behavior and Development

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A randomized clinical trail (RCT) employed a 12-month individualized cognitive/sensorimotor stimulation program to look at the efficacy of the intervention on 62 infants with suspected brain injury. The control group infants received the State-funded follow-up program provided by the Los Angeles (LA) Regional Centers while the intervention group received intensive stimulation using the Curriculum and Monitoring System (CAMS) taught by public health nurses (PHNs). The developmental assessments and outcome measures were performed at 6, 12 and 18 months corrected age and included the Bayley motor and mental development, the Home, mother-infant interaction (Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NCAFS) and Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS)), parental stress and social support. At 18 months, 43 infants remained in the study.The results indicate that the intervention had minimal positive effects on the Bayley mental and motor development scores of infants in the intervention group. Likewise, the intervention did not contribute to less stress or better mother-infant interaction at 12 or 18 months although there were significant differences in the NCAFS scores favoring the intervention group at 6 months. There was a significant trend, however, for the control group to have a significant decrease over time on the Bayley mental scores. Although the sample was not large and attrition was at 31%, this study provides further support to the minimal effects of stimulation and home intervention for infants with brain injury and who may have more significant factors contributing to their developmental outcome. Keywords Newborn brain injury; Stimulation; Intervention; OutcomeOver the past 30 years, evidence has been accumulating for the neuro-plasticity of the human brain, allowing for recovery of important brain regions after injury. The organization of interconnected neurons, which make up neural systems, is not structurally or functionally rigid as once believed. Rather, individual neurons are able to modify their intrinsic membrane properties and the strength of their synaptic connections in response to varying levels of stimulation (du Plessis & Volpe, 2002;Kennedy & Marder, 1992). The newborn's brain develops in a stepwise, organized fashion. It involves the unfolding of discrete, sequential embryonic processes that include the division, migration and differentiation of neural elements, dendritic arborization, and maturation of synapses. As the brain develops and matures, behavioral patterns emerge that reflect the integration of complex cerebral networks (Berger & Garnier, 1999;Volpe, 2000).Several factors are implicated in the etiology of brain injury. The most common cause is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) which has been associated with neuronal reorganization. Current data suggest that about 2-5 of 1000 live term births experience hypoxic-ischemic brain injury or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of those, 30-40% die during the newborn period and 20-50%; of those, who survive develop signif...

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Section: Mother-infant Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention for infants with brain injury: Results of a randomized controlled study

Badr

Garg

Kamath

2006

Infant Behavior and Development

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“…The predictive validity of the scales has been established with the Bayley scales and the Caldwell home observation for measurement of the environment (HOME) at r ϭ 0.72 and r ϭ 0.76, respectively. 30 The HOME environment. The HOME inventory factor was used to measure certain aspects of the environment such as physical structure, play materials, and amount of stimulation.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Development In Premature Infants From Low-Income Families: African Americans and Hispanics

Zahr

1999

J Perinatol

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“…All but two studies utilized random assignment of premature infants (or parents) to control and treatment groups. Barnard et al (1987) had no control group in their clinical trial but used term and preterm comparisons from earlier and concurrent studies. Slater et al (1987) studied families who self-selected into a group receiving premature infant follow-up care compared to ones who did not.…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tested two different theoretically based interventions: one focused on helping parents assess developmental milestones and plan appropriate interventions, and the other was designed to help parents assess interaction patterns and plan a program to enhance mutuality in specific activities such as feeding and bedtime. Many intervention programs (Barnard et al, 1987;Brooten et al, 1986;Nurcombe et al, 1983;Resnick et al, 1987;Scarr-Salapatek & Williams, 1973) included components of all four foci. Although many of the studies referred to "parent" intervention, most of the interventions were primarily implemented with mothers as the recipients.…”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…); (d) parent-infant interaction (observations during feeding and play using coding schemes or rating scales); (e) quality of home environment (HOME Scores, family functioning measures, social support measures); and (f) infant cognitive development (Bayley Scales, McCarthy Scales, and prevalence of developmental delays). Only a few studies incorporated more than two or three types of outcome indicators over (a longitudinal period of) time (Barnard et al, 1987;Brown et al, 1980;Field et al, 1980;Nurcombe et al, 1983;Resnick et al, 1987;Ross, 1984).…”

Section: Measuring Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parenting of low birth weight infants: A review of issues and interventions

Patteson

Barnard

1990

Infant Ment. Health J.

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Factors that may adversely affect parenting of low birth weight infants, including infant characteristics, parental emotional responses to premature birth, and patterns of parent‐infant interaction, are reviewed. In addition, intervention studies designed to improve infant developmental outcomes through influencing parenting behaviors are examined. There was great diversity in theoretical frameworks, in timing of onset and frequency of interventions, and in measurement of outcomes. The interventions that were most effective in influencing behaviors and infant developmental outcomes were those in which there were multiple long‐term contacts with parents and/or those that actively involved them in the intervention. The specific theoretical framework upon which the interventions were based appeared to be of less importance in influencing results. In order to increase our knowledge and ability to provide costeffective programs, there is a need to focus attention and data collection efforts on the process and intermediary steps of intervention as well as on outcome measures. There is also a need to improve our ability to recruit and retain those families who are most at risk for parenting and infant developmental problems including those with very low birth weight infants, those whose infants have serious perinatal complications, and those with indications of high social risk such as poverty‐level incomes and problems of substance abuse.

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Helping parents with preterm infants: Field test of a protocol

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Intervention for infants with brain injury: Results of a randomized controlled study

Intervention for infants with brain injury: Results of a randomized controlled study

Predictors of Development In Premature Infants From Low-Income Families: African Americans and Hispanics

Parenting of low birth weight infants: A review of issues and interventions

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