Helminths ofMilvago chimango temucoensis(Aves: Falconiformes) from Los Ríos Region, Chile: New Records for Neotropical Raptors

Abstract

SummaryThe goal of the present survey was to improve the scarce knowledge regard the endoparasites of raptors in Chile and South America. Thus, necropsy was performed on 14 chimango caracara Milvago chimango temucoensis from Los Ríos Region, Chile. From all examined birds, 78.6% were positive to helminths. The species identifi ed were Capillaria tenuissima, Pterothominx sp.

Helminth and ectoparasitic faunas of the Harris’s hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Chile: new data on host-parasite associations for Neotropical raptors

“…Its life cycle is indirect, using earthworms as intermediate hosts and micromammals as paratenic hosts (Atkinson et al, 2008;Richardson & Kinsella, 2010). In Chile, it has been previously reported in Milvago chimango (Vieillot, 1816) (Falconiformes) (San Martín et al, 2006;Oyarzún-Ruiz et al, 2016). Thus, this finding states to Harris's hawk as an additional host in South America.…”

“…In the Neotropics, unidentified Capillaria eggs have been recorded from raptors such Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte, 1838, Rupornis magnirostris (Gmelin, 1788) (Accipitriformes), and Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788) (Strigiformes) (Santos et al, 2011(Santos et al, , 2015. In Chile, this nematode was previously recorded from M. chimango (San Martín et al, 2006;Oyarzún-Ruiz et al, 2016) and Bubo magellanicus (Gmelin, 1788) (Grandón-Ojeda et al, 2018). Other capillarids reported from raptors include the following genera: Baruscapillaria Moravec, 1982;Eucoleus Diyardin, 1845;andPterothominx Freitas, 1959 (Borgsteede et al, 2003;Richardson & Kinsella, 2010;Santoro et al, 2010;González-Acuña et al, 2011;Oyarzún-Ruiz et al, 2016;Honisch & Krone, 2008).…”

“…There are 35 species of birds of prey in Chile (Pavez, 2019), of which 23 have been recorded as hosts of some parasitic species. However, most of these studies focused on ectoparasites, with only 4 species reported as hosts of helminths (Moreno & González-Acuña, 2015;Oyarzún-Ruiz et al, 2016;Grandón-Ojeda et al, 2018, 2019. Additionally, parasite surveys of the Harris's hawk in Chile previously documented only one record for lice (González-Acuña et al, 2008), with no data on mites or helminths.…”

External and gastrointestinal parasites of the Franklin’s Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae), in Talcahuano, central Chile

“…Due to the above, this nematode mainly parasitizes piscivorous birds as has been reported in Europe, Asia, North America, South America and Cuba (Baruš et al, 1978;Wong & Anderson, 1982b;Diaz et al, 2004Diaz et al, , 2011Sanmartín et al, 2005;Álvarez et al, 2006;Santoro et al, 2011;Hannon et al, 2016). In Chile, it has been documented for the first time in the raptor M. chimango that is attributable to its piscivorous food habits (Oyarzún-Ruiz et al, 2016), and in the Kelp gull, L. dominicanus, (González-Acuña et al, 2009), a host species for which exists other records in Latin America (Diaz et al, 2004(Diaz et al, , 2011. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the Franklin's gull as a host of this nematode.…”

“…This nematode has been reported in a wide variety of piscivorous birds (Sphenisciformes, Charadriiformes, Anseriformes, Pelecaniformes, Procellariiformes, Podicipediformes, Gaviiformes, and Ciconiiformes) from all continents except Antarctica (Anderson & Wong, 1981;Sanmartín et al, 2005;Álvarez et al, 2006;Mutafchiev et al, 2010;Santoro et al, 2011). In the southern cone of Latin America, it has been isolated from the penguins Spheniscus humboldti (Spheniscidae) (Fernández et al, 2019), Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae) (Diaz et al, 2001(Diaz et al, , 2010, the generalist raptor Milvago chimango (Falconidae) (Oyarzún-Ruiz et al, 2016) and L. dominicanus (Gonzalez-Acuña et al, 2009;Diaz et al, 2011). Cosmocephalus obvelatus has been described in the American continent from larids sympatric to the Franklin's gull, including Rissa tridactyla, Larus californicus, Larus delawarensis, Larus hyperboreus, Larus marinus, and L. dominicanus (Rodrigues de Olivera & Vicente, 1963;Threlfall, 1968;Anderson & Wong, 1981;Gonzalez-Acuña et al, 2009;Diaz et al, 2011;Hannon et al, 2016).…”