Helminths and intestinal barrier function

McKay, Derek M.; Shute, Adam; Lopes, Fernando

doi:10.1080/21688370.2017.1283385

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…33 More intense IgE responses in PA patients with parasites could be connected to an impairment of commensal microbiota biofilm architecture, disruption of mucus layer and damage to the intestinal barrier induced by G. lamblia 34 and helminths, influencing the epithelial permeability of the intestinal barrier through intrinsic (epithelial permeability) and extrinsic (mucin, bacterial peptides, commensal bacteria) elements. 35 The epithelial integrity of the intestinal Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency has been detected in many cutaneous diseases, including autoimmune disorders, such as vitiligo, 37 psoriasis, 38 atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases. 39 The mechanism through which VD exerts its effects on melanocytes is not yet fully understood, and VD in the treatment of skin diseases is currently an active area of research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analysed the level of total serum IgE in PA patients and control individuals, taking into consideration the similarity of HP histology in PA patients and features of atopic dermatitis23 and elevation of IgE production in infections caused by helminths 12. More intense IgE responses in PA patients with parasites could be connected to an impairment of commensal microbiota biofilm architecture, disruption of mucus layer and damage to the intestinal barrier induced by G. lamblia34 and helminths, influencing the epithelial permeability of the intestinal barrier through intrinsic (epithelial permeability) and extrinsic (mucin, bacterial peptides, commensal bacteria) elements 35. In total, IgE concentrations ≤50-100 and 101-≥601 IU/ mL were found in 33.3% and 66.7% of PA patients and in 95% and 5% of the control individuals, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pityriasis alba: Possible associations with intestinal helminths and pathogenic protozoa

Toychiev¹,

Mirzoeva

Davis³

et al. 2019

Int J Clin Pract

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Summary Background The aetiology of pityriasis alba (PA) remains uncertain, and children are at risk for PA and intestinal parasites. Aim To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in PA patients and to evaluate their possible role in PA pathogenesis. Methods Overall, 180 PA patients and 100 healthy individuals were enrolled. Intestinal parasites were diagnosed by triple coproscopy, and the total serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined by ELISA. PA patients with intestinal parasites were treated with conventional antiparasitic drugs. Patient response to antiparasitic therapy was evaluated after 6 weeks. Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites in PA patients and controls was 60 ± 3.6% and 32 ± 4.6%, respectively (P < .0001). Regardless of the parasite species among the PA patients and control individuals, the total IgE levels were significantly higher in PA patients (P ≤ .05). The highest values of IgE were found in PA patients with Hymenolepis nana (641.7 ± 46.3 IU/mL). The total IgE level in PA patients with parasites decreased after antiparasitic therapy, but the reduction was only significant in patients with H. nana (P < .05). Complete disappearance of hypopigmented patches was observed after the elimination of H. nana, Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis in 65 ± 10.6%, 48.7 ± 8.0% and 33.3 ± 8.2% of cases, respectively. In total, a positive clinical response to antiparasitic therapy was achieved in 60 ± 4.7% of infected PA patients. Conclusion A positive clinical response to antiparasitic therapy indicates the role of intestinal parasites in PA pathogenesis. Parasitological examination is justified by the recovery of 60 ± 4.7% of infected PA patients after the elimination of intestinal parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pityriasis alba: Possible associations with intestinal helminths and pathogenic protozoa

Toychiev¹,

Mirzoeva

Davis³

et al. 2019

Int J Clin Pract

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“…A ‘washer-sweeper’ effect often occurs in response to infection with helminth parasites [ 52 ], and 5-HT signaling would contribute to the increase in peristalsis needed for the sweeper aspect of this response. Activation of 5-HT 4 R in the gut can enhance peristalsis, and its actions are inhibitory or excitatory depending on receptor location [ 53 ].…”

Section: -Ht 4 Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?

Wang¹,

Sharkey

McKay³

2018

Bioscience Reports

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The mammalian gut is a remarkable organ: with a nervous system that rivals the spinal cord, it is the body’s largest repository of immune and endocrine cells and houses an immense and complex microbiota. Infection with helminth parasites elicits a conserved program of effector and regulatory immune responses to eradicate the worm, limit tissue damage, and return the gut to homeostasis. Discrete changes in the nervous system, and to a lesser extent the enteroendocrine system, occur following helminth infection but the importance of these adaptations in expelling the worm is poorly understood. Approximately 90% of the body’s serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) is made in enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut, indicative of the importance of this amine in intestinal function. Signaling via a plethora of receptor subtypes, substantial evidence illustrates that 5-HT affects immunity. A small number of studies document changes in 5-HT levels following infection with helminth parasites, but these have not been complemented by an understanding of the role of 5-HT in the host–parasite interaction. In reviewing this area, the gap in knowledge of how changes in the enteric serotonergic system affects the outcome of infection with intestinal helminths is apparent. We present this as a call-to-action by investigators in the field. We contend that neuronal EC cell–immune interactions in the gut are essential in maintaining homeostasis and, when perturbed, contribute to pathophysiology. The full affect of infection with helminth parasites needs to define, and then mechanistically dissect the role of the enteric nervous and enteroendocrine systems of the gut.

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“…Soil transmitted, intestinal nematodes affect around 24% of the world's population (1) and are 37 prevalent in wild animals. The majority of parasitic helminths live in the gut and are in close contact 38 with the host's epithelial cell (2), representing an important barrier during infection (3). The gut 39 barrier is composed of specific enterocytes that secrete among others mucins the cysteine rich 40 cytokine RELM-β and antimicrobial peptides, together forming the epithelial barrier during 41 infection (4).…”

Section: Introduction 36mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel non-invasive method to detect gut barrier related changes during a gastrointestinal nematode infection

Ahmed

Affinass

Heitlinger

et al. 2018

Preprint

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19Currently, methods for monitoring changes of gut barrier integrity and the associated immune 20 response via non-invasive means are limited. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel non-invasive 21 technique to investigate immunological host responses representing gut barrier changes in response 22 to infection. We identified the mucous layer on feces from mice to be mainly composed of exfoliated 23 intestinal epithelial cells. Expression of RELM-β, a gene prominently expressed in intestinal 24 nematode infections, was used as an indicator of intestinal cellular barrier changes to infection. 25 RELM-β was detected as early as 6 days post-infection (dpi) in exfoliated epithelial cells. 26Interestingly, RELM-β expression also mirrored the quality of the immune response, with higher 27 amounts being detectable in a secondary infection and in high dose nematode infection in laboratory 28 mice. This technique was also applicable to captured worm-infected wild house mice. We have 29 therefore developed a novel non-invasive method reflecting gut barrier changes associated with 30 alterations in cellular responses to a gastrointestinal nematode infection. 31 32 33 34 35

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Helminths and intestinal barrier function

Cited by 34 publications

References 128 publications

Pityriasis alba: Possible associations with intestinal helminths and pathogenic protozoa

Pityriasis alba: Possible associations with intestinal helminths and pathogenic protozoa

Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?

A novel non-invasive method to detect gut barrier related changes during a gastrointestinal nematode infection

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