Helminthicidal and Larvicidal Potentials of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Medicinal Plant Momordica charantia

Abstract

Background: The drug formulations used to control mosquito vectors and helminth infections have resulted in the development of resistance, and negative impact on non-target organisms and environment. Objective: Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs) using aqueous fruit peel extract of M. charantia, applications of P-AgNPs for helminthicidal activity against Indian earthworms (P. posthuma) and larvicidal activity against larvae of mosquito A. albopictus and A. aegypti. Methods: Aqueous fruit peel extract of Momordica charantia was used to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs). UV-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy characterize synthesized P-AgNPs. The motility and survival rate of the worms were recorded for the helminthicidal activity. Percent mortality of larvae of A. albopictus and A. aegypti was recorded for larvicidal activity. Results: The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of P-AgNPs showed a strong surface plasmon absorption band in the visible region with a maximum absorption at 445 nm indicating the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the addition of aqueous fruit peel extract. The XRD spectrum of P-AgNPs showed Bragg's reflection peaks 2θ value characteristics for the Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) structure of silver. The sharp absorption peak in FTIR at 1659 cm-1 assigned to C=O stretching vibration in carbonyl compounds represents terpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols in the corona of PAgNPs; a 2 mg/mL of P-AgNPs. The concentration aqueous extract and P-AgNPs showed complete death of worms (the morphological alteration/coiling of body). A 20 ppm concentration of PAgNPs showed 85% mortality in larvae of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. P-AgNPs were nontoxic at low concentrations. Conclusion: The aqueous extracts played a dual role as reducing and capping agent during the biosynthesis of AgNPs as per FTIR and XRD results. The surface reactivity facilitated by biomolecule corona attached to silver nanoparticles can further help to functionalize AgNPs in various pharmaceuticals, biomedicals, and environmental applications.

Chromatographic identification of “green capping agents” extracted from Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae) leaves for the synthesis of MoO3 nanoparticles

“…Consequently the present results and reported articulations [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] have strongly supported the synthesis of metal oxides nanoparticle in the aqueous extracts of the plant leaves. Consequently the present results and reported articulations [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] have strongly supported the synthesis of metal oxides nanoparticle in the aqueous extracts of the plant leaves.…”

“…EDX spectrum ( Figure 2B , studies where they illustrated the minimum particle agglomeration and reduce size due to effect of phytochemicals [9,14,16]. The average crystallite size of MoO 3 NPs was found to be 40.1 nm.…”

“…The survey scan in Figure 3D Table 3 and in Figure 3C. Reported studies about plant mediated synthesis vividly proved the role of these phytochemicls in the synthesis of nano materials [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. These compounds were significantly present in the methnolic extracts of N. officinale as well.…”

“…The filtrates of both samples were stored at 4 • C for further use [13][14][15][16]. After 30 min solution was settled down at ambient temperature for 30 min and filtered through Whatman No.…”

“…Biogenic is an emerging synthesis pathway among nanoresearchers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][26][27][28][29] for the synthesis of metal NPs with enhanced properties, for examples plant mediated NPs are reported as excellent photocatalysts for degradation of various organic wastes [29][30][31][32][33]. The need of the present moment is to deepen the nanoparticle biogenic synthesis methodologies by defining the mechanism involved in the synthesis process and to individuate the phyto-stabilizer and phyto-reducer agents of the synthesized material.…”