Helminth secretions induce de novo T cell Foxp3 expression and regulatory function through the TGF-β pathway

Abstract

The intestinal parasite H. polygyrus secretes a TGF-β–like molecule that induces regulatory T cells, thus suppressing anti-parasitic effector T cell responses by the host.

Identification of the E3 Deubiquitinase Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 21 (USP21) as a Positive Regulator of the Transcription Factor GATA3

“…USP21 Up-regulates GATA3-mediated IL4 and IL5 Activity-FOXP3-expressing T cells have been reported to express GATA3 after TcR stimulation (5,28). To explore whether any potential deubiquitinases contribute to GATA3 stabilization in FOXP3-expressing cells, we first scanned through the available online resources (e.g.…”

Regulation of the Immune Response by TGF-β: From Conception to Autoimmunity and Infection

“…TGF-b-mediated induction of Treg-cell differentiation is also associated with higher rates of parasite growth after malaria infection in humans (Walther et al 2005;Scholzen et al 2009), and inhibiting TGF-b activity results in more robust CD8 þ Tcell responses and protection against reinfection in mice (Ocana- Morgner et al 2007). As helminth parasites stimulate TGF-b production and Treg-cell induction, they may, in fact, protect the host from allergic diseases (Dittrich et al 2008;Grainger et al 2010).…”

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

“…In contrast, H. polygyrus appears to be protective in several inflammatory models, 221,222 and this has been attributed to its ability to dampen inflammation by promoting the generation and function of regulatory T cells via some of its secreted proteins. 223,224 Hence, the hygiene hypothesis might apply only to a narrow group of nematodes and it is important that we distinguish between general phenomena of parasite infection (such as the importance of IL-13) and more specific ones (such as the contribution of eosinophils) if we are to apply our knowledge to patients in the clinic.…”