Diaphorocleidus orthodusus n. sp. and Diaphorocleidus kabatai (Molnar, Hanek and Fernando, 1974) Jogunoori, Kritsky, and Venkatanarasaiah, 2004 are detailed from Astyanax orthodus and Astyanax aeneus, respectively. Palombitrema heteroancistrium (Price and Bussing, 1968) is described from specimens collected from A. aeneus, and Urocleidoides strombicirrus (Price and Bussing, 1967) is reported for the first time from A. aeneus and Astyanax fasciatus in Panama. Characithecium costaricensis (Price and Bussing, 1967) n. comb. is detailed based on specimens from A. aeneus. Characithecium costaricensis is characterized by having overlapping gonads, a medioventral vaginal aperture, a copulatory complex consisting of single counterclockwise coil of the copulatory organ that is articulated to the accessory piece, and a haptor having 2 pairs of anchors, dorsal and ventral bars, and 14 hooks. Measurements of body size varied substantially among individual worms, both within and across different host species and locations. However, the morphological differences were insufficient to separate species of Characithecium. This result suggests limited parasite speciation across sympatric species of Astyanax in Mexico and Panama.Urocleidoides Mizelle and Price, 1964, was erected for a species that infected Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae) in a California aquarium. Mizelle et al. (1968) emended it by adding gonads overlapping or tandem, male copulatory organ coiled with a single or multiple rings, 1 or 2 prostatic reservoirs, and vaginal pore on the left side of the body or absent. Urocleidoides included species from fishes in 5 orders (Atheriniformes, Characiformes, Gymnotiformes, Perciformes, and Siluriformes) until Kritsky et al. (1986) (2007). Additional specimens were mounted unstained in Gray and Wess's medium to examine the sclerotized structures. Measurements, all in micrometers (m), represent straight-line distances between extreme points and are expressed as the mean followed by the range and number (n) of structures measured in parentheses; body length includes the haptor. Numbering of hook pairs follows Mizelle (1936) and Mizelle and Price (1963).