Helminth parasites of Canada lynx (Felis canadensis) from northern Ontario

Abstract

Six helminths were common in lynx (Felis canadensis) throughout northern Ontario: Troglostrongylus wilsoni (Stough, 1953) Sarmiento &Stough, 1956 in the lung (54% of 127 infected), Cylicospirura felineus (Chandler, 1925) Sandground, 1932 in the stomach (91% of 360), Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902) and Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) in the stomach and intestine(97% and 22% of 274, respectively), and Taenia laticollis Rudolphi, 1819, and Taenia rileyi Loewen, 1929 in the intestine (94% and 47% of 275, respectively). Only Toxascaris leonina is transmitted by both lynx and canids in northern Ontario. Lynx is the only definitive host of the other common parasites. Seven helminths usually found in canids occurred infrequently in lynx: Alaria marcianae (LaRue, 1917) Walton, 1949 and immature Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) Gmelin, 1790 in 4% of those examined; and Capillaria aerophila (Creplin, 1839) Travassos, 1915, Physaloptera rara Hall &Wigdor, 1918, Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859), Uncinaria stenocephalia (Railliet, 1884), and Taenia serialis (Gervais, 1847) Baillet, 1863 in one to three lynx each. Abundances of the common parasites varied only slightly among five forest regions, and did not differ between male and female lynx or among lynx older than kits. Cylicospirura felineus and Taenia rileyi were less abundant in kits, and Taenia laticollis and Toxocara cati tended to be more abundant in kits than in older lynx. Host condition and numbers of many of the common helminths tended to be positively correlated, but the inclusion of kits affected the result. The few helminth species established in lynx and their apparent uniform distribution in the host population may reflect the dominance of snowshoe hare in the diet.

Helminth Fauna of Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) in Estonia

“…Lynx in Estonian and Latvia prey mainly on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and mountain hare (Lepus timidus) during winter (Valdmann et al, unpubl. data (Abuladze, 1964;Zyll de Yong, 1966;Smith et al, 1985;Jushkov, 1995), and these cestodes were common in our lynx. Taenia pisiformis is also common in Latvian lynx (Bagrade et al, 2003).…”

“…data). This apparent high degree of overlap in main prey among predators in Estonia and Belorussia is in marked contrast to the situation in Canada, where lynx (Lynx canadensis) and canids harbor few common parasites (Smith et al, 1985).…”

Endoparasites of the Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) in Finland

“…For T. cati, however, the prenatal infection apparently does not occur, whereas colostral and post-colostral infections in kittens have been described (Engbaek et al, 1984). Mountain hare could act as paratenic hosts for T. cati and are probably the most important intermediate host for Taenia pisiformis and Taenia laticollis (Smith et al, 1985).…”

A Review of the Canada Lynx, <em>Lynx canadensis</em>, in Canada

“…Predation on lynx by Wolverine (Gulo gulo), Wolf (Canis lupus) and Coyote (C. latrans) has also been confirmed (Slough and Mowat 1996;O'Donoghue et al 1995O'Donoghue et al , 1997Buskirk et al 2000). Lynx harbour a diverse parasite fauna, including nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, lice and fleas (van Zyll de Jong 1966a;McCord and Cardoza 1982;Smith et al 1986;Quinn and Parker 1987), but their influence on lynx health and survival is unknown.…”