“…As a rule, these perspectives do without recourse to the concrete material form of AI or ignore it in favour of a concentration on the inherent functionalities of 'intelligent' algorithms. Such an approach can be found, among others, in systems theory, which has dealt with communication with computers at an early stage (for example, Baecker, 2011;Esposito, 2014Esposito, , 2017Harth & Lorenz, 2017), or in works on the 'intelligent' algorithmisation of the public sphere, power and control, such as in Zuboff 's concept of a new economic principle of 'data, extraction, analysis' (Zuboff, 2015), the 'threat of algocracy' (Danaher, 2016), an (in)visible 'algorithmic life' permeated by data (Amoore & Piotukh, 2016), or a narrowing of decision-relevant perspectives and future narratives through AI which is problematic in political and ethical terms (Amoore, 2020). 3 From a technological point of view, the development of connectionist AI aims to discover patterns in large, usually unstructured, data sets with the help of probabilistic methods.…”