Helium3 isotope separation and lambda front observation

Kempiński, W.; Łoś, Szymon; Трыбула, З.; Chorowski, M.; Poliński, J.; Niechciał, Jakub; Jaskólski, Tomasz; Chołast, Katarzyna; Kociemba, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.003

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A process that allows both oxygen and metals to be produced from ilmenite has been reported by Schwandt et al (2012). Further works focus on separating various gases obtained from ilmenite or regolith (Schlüter et al, 2021), helium from other gases (Janocha, 2020), and 3 He from 4 He (Kempiński et al, 2019). Therefore, ilmenite is currently being studied as a resource (Johnson et al, 1999;Fa and Jin, 2007;Kim et al, 2019).…”

Section: Potential Resources Of the Moonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

Ciążela¹,

Bakala²,

Kowaliński³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Lunar sulfides and oxides are a significant source of noble and base metals and will be vital for future human colonies’ self-sustainability. Sulfide detection (pyrite and troilite) applies to many technological fields and use cases, for example, as a raw material source (available in situ on the Lunar surface) for new solar panel production methods. Ilmenite is the primary iron and titanium ore on the Moon and can provide helium-3 for nuclear fusion and oxygen for rocket fuel. The most important ore minerals have prominent absorption peaks in a narrow far-infrared (FIR) wavelength range of 20–40 μm, much stronger than the spectral features of other common minerals, including significant silicates, sulfates, and carbonates. Our simulations based on the linear mixing of pyrite with the silicates mentioned above indicated that areas containing at least 10%–20% pyrite could be detected from the orbit in the FIR range. MIRORES, Multiplanetary far-IR ORE Spectrometer, proposed here, would operate with a resolution down to <5 m, enabling the detection of areas covered by 2–3 m2 of pyrite (or ilmenite) on a surface of ∼17 m2 from an altitude of 50 km, creating possibilities for detecting large and local smaller orebodies along with their stockworks. The use of the Cassegrain optical system achieves this capability. MIRORES will measure radiation in eight narrow bands (0.3 µm in width) that can include up to five bands centered on the ore mineral absorption bands, for example, 24.3, 24.9, 27.6, 34.2, and 38.8 µm for pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, ilmenite, and troilite, respectively. The instrument size is 32 x 32 x 42 cm, and the mass is <10 kg, which fits the standard microsatellite requirements.

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Section: Potential Resources Of the Moonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

Ciążela¹,

Bakala²,

Kowaliński³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Multiple measurements of the He3 concentration before and behind the filter using a mass spectrometer allow for the determination of the efficiency of the filter itself. A more detailed description can be found in our previous work [21,22]. Our experimental system consists of a 25 L He3/He4 tank, with a capillary heat exchanger [23], two pumps needed for filtration and temperature reduction and a mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Liquid Helium Losses In the Superfluid Filtration Process Of He3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ideal entropy filter made of porous materials is permeable only to the superfluid fraction (with entropy = 0). At separation temperature, He3 atoms are in the normal state and He4 atoms are mostly in a superfluid state, so only He4 can flow through the entropy filter, while He3 will be stopped by it [22]. The Formula (4) was developed based on the experimental experience; it is empirical evidence discovered by Tisza [26]:…”

Section: Cryogenic Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Costs of He3 Separation Using the Superfluidity of He4

et al. 2020

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Helium is the second most abundant element in the Universe after hydrogen. Considerable resources of helium-3 isotope (He3) are located mostly outside the Earth. He3 is very important for science and industry, especially for airport neutron detectors, lung tomography and helium dilution refrigerators. Besides, global warming is forcing the industry and governments to search for alternative energy sources, and He3 has the potential to be used as fuel in future nuclear fusion power plants. Unfortunately, the price of gaseous He3 has recently increased from $200 per liter to over $2750. The expected further increase in price and demands led us to present an analysis of the economic profitability for He3 separation process, which utilizes the properties of superfluid helium. This paper shows the arguments supporting the idea that extraction from natural sources is the only economically viable way of obtaining He3 isotope nowadays. The method could be relatively easily implemented into the production cycles of the low temperature natural gas purification plant.

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Graphenylene and inorganic graphenylene nanopores for gas-phase ⁴He/³He separation: kinetic and steady-state considerations

Motallebipour

Karimi-Sabet²

2021

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Helium3 isotope separation and lambda front observation

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

Operational Costs of He3 Separation Using the Superfluidity of He4

Graphenylene and inorganic graphenylene nanopores for gas-phase ⁴He/³He separation: kinetic and steady-state considerations

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Helium3 isotope separation and lambda front observation

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer

Operational Costs of He3 Separation Using the Superfluidity of He4

Graphenylene and inorganic graphenylene nanopores for gas-phase 4He/3He separation: kinetic and steady-state considerations

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Graphenylene and inorganic graphenylene nanopores for gas-phase ⁴He/³He separation: kinetic and steady-state considerations