Helium permeability of coated aramid papers

Tensile and interfacial properties of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber after different cryogenic treated condition

“…The composites need to withstand large cyclic temperature variations and extremely low temperatures when serve at various extreme conditions such as the lightweight liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) fuel tanks for next generation reusable space launched vehicles (RSLVs) [3,4]. Cyclic temperature variations during fueling/refueling cycles cause residue stress and degradation of composites [5,6].…”

Characterization and comparison of properties of cryogenic conditioned CNT reinforced thermoset (epoxy) and thermoplastic (poly vinyl alcohol) composite yarns

“…The composites need to withstand large cyclic temperature variations and extremely low temperatures for use in next generation reusable space launched vehicles, such as the lightweight liquid hydrogen fuel tanks. 5,6 The creep flexibility of matrix of the composites will decrease under the cyclic low temperature condition, which leads to the occurrence of microcracks and the decrease of its service life. 37 The process of cycliccryogenic treatment of three yarns was shown in Figure 5(a).…”

“…1,2 CFRP composites are regarded as promising materials for lightweight design and low-cost manufacturing of aerospace crafts and reusable launch vehicles, 3,4 such as composite tanks for storage of liquid oxygen (LO 2 ) and liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) propellant. 5,6 For a reusable launch vehicle, the composites tanks need to undergo repeatedly filling process of the low-temperature propellants. 7,8 However, micro-cracks and even fracture were observed duo to residue stress for carbon fiber as well carbon fiber composites during cryogenic temperature variations.…”

Aramids

“…60 It turned out that Nomex® is superior in comparison to Kevlar®. Materials for cryogenic fuel tanks must safely carry pressure, external structural loads, resist leakage, and operate over an extremely wide temperature range.…”