Helium ion implanted optical waveguide in KTiOPO4

Femtosecond-Laser Microstructuring of Ribs on Active (Yb,Nb):RTP/RTP Planar Waveguides

“…For the fabrication of nonlinear optical waveguides, ion-incorporation techniques such as ion implantation [12] and ion diffusion have been applied [3]. Other techniques such as LPE [10], molecular beam epitaxy [13], chemical vapor deposition, and pulsed laser deposition [14] have also been widely used to obtain optical waveguides.…”

Annealing Characters of KTP Crystal Formed with He+-Ions at High Dose and Low Energy

“…At present, waveguides in KTP have been fabricated by both the light ions such as H [8], He [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and the heavy or medium ions such as Ni [17], P [18], Li [15,19], Si [20], or C [21], etc.…”

“…Several experimental results [9,14,[16][17][18][19][20] have shown that the surface refractive index n x and n z in guide region can be increased and waveguide quality can be improved after suitable annealing treatment. In this paper, we will report the KTP crystal implanted by 150KeV He + ions with 8×10 16 ions/cm 2 , and analyze the refractive index profiles in the crystal after a set of thermal annealing under suitable conditions.…”

Low-Energy Proton Irradiated Waveguides in KTiOPO4

“…At present, MeV light ions such as He þ and H þ ions have been used to fabricate planar optical waveguides in optoelectrical crystals [1][2][3][4]. The need for an accelerator with several MeV has limited the extensive application and exploration.…”