Heliotropic Animals as Photometers on the Basis of the Validity of the Bunsen-Roscoe Law for Heliotropic Reactions

Loeb, Jacques; Northrop, John H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.3.9.539

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…If the primary cellular effect of LLLT is indeed to increase the activity of an enzyme, it makes sense to suppose that this increased activity should last for a sufficiently long time to have a real effect on cellular metabolism. In some photobiological processes such as photodynamic therapy and phototoxicity, the principal of reciprocity first described by Bunsen and Roscoe [28] is accepted to operate [29]. This principle states that the biological effect of light depends on the total number of photons absorbed (total fluence) rather than the irradiance or fluence rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐level laser therapy for zymosan‐induced arthritis in rats: Importance of illumination time

Castaño

Dai

Yaroslavsky³

et al. 2007

Lasers Surg Med

127

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Background-It has been proposed for many years that low-level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT) can ameliorate the pain, swelling, and inflammation associated with various forms of arthritis. Light is thought to be absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores leading to an increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen species and/or cyclic AMP production and consequent gene transcription via activation of transcription factors. However, despite many reports about the positive effects of LLLT in arthritis and in medicine in general, its use remains controversial. For all indications (including arthritis) the optimum optical parameters have been difficult to establish and so far are unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐level laser therapy for zymosan‐induced arthritis in rats: Importance of illumination time

Castaño

Dai

Yaroslavsky³

et al. 2007

Lasers Surg Med

127

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“…It may be noted that in several cases the phototactic behaviour has been used as a basis for the elucidation of more special problems involved in light response. Thus LOEB and NORTHROP (1917) used Balanus larvae for testing the validity of the Bunsen-Roscoe law of resultants in reactions to two sources of light; WHITE (1924) observed the distribution of Palcemonetes vulgaris and Loligo pealii in crossing beams of different monochromatic lights; VISSCHER and LUCE (1928), in an admirable piece of work, examined the relative stimulating eif ects of different wave-lengths by a somewhat similar method in the Cyprid larvae of Balanus; while WELSH (1932) has measured the effect of temperature and different light-intensities on the rate of swimming in Pinnotheres larvae. Further, a good deal has been done on the external agencies effective in reversing the " sign," or direction, of taxis (particularly LOEB, 1893 ;ROSE, 1925).…”

Section: Summary Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Reactions of Marine Plankton to Light

Spooner

1933

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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1. The most noticeable response of marine plankton to light, under laboratory conditions, is the formation of groups on the lighted (or opposite) side of the vessel containing them.2. Specimens from such groups were tested under different conditions of illumination, and in all cases they moved in the direction of the light quite irrespective of accompanying changes of intensity in the surroundings.3. Groups form around the line of direction of the light, or the resultant direction when the light is scattered or falling from more directions than one, this being the direct result of individuals moving along the mean path of incidence of the light.4. The behaviour of individuals was examined more closely to distinguish between the two possible ways in which the directed movement could have been brought about, viz. (i) reactions to bilateral inequalities of illumination (here called “true topotaxis”), and (ii) reactions to changes in total illumination of light-receptors (a type of “phobotaxis”). For a number of species it was clearly a case of “true topotaxis,” and very probably for at least the majority of the rest.5. In two very different cases, namely, Acartia clausi and Poecilochaetus serpens, there was no orientation of the body, but nevertheless efficient orientation of the path of movement. It is believed that this is the first occasion on which such behaviour has been described.6. The observations described point to the fact that movement in the direction of incidence of the light, however this may be affected, is general among a wide range of the smaller, free-living, bilaterally symmetrical, marine animals, and would tend to dominate other possible response to light. This behaviour on the part of individuals provides a substantial basis for attempted explanations of the correlations, that have been demonstrated by ecological workers, between the vertical distribution of populations and light-intensity.

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“…One might expect, if the effect of light on rate of locomotion could be determined in the same way as the effect on orientation of the larvae, to find them obeying the Bunsen-Roscoe Law as did Loeb and Northrop (1917) in their investigation of the orientation of Balanus larvae to a two-point source of light. If this law held for velocity of locomotion, the relationship between velocity and light intensity would be a linear one.…”

Section: Light Intensity and The Rate Of Swimming Of Larv/e At A Cons...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Temperature and Light as Factors Influencing the Rate of Swimming of Larvæ of the Mussel Crab, Pinnotheres Maculatus Say

Welsh¹

1932

The Biological Bulletin

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Heliotropic Animals as Photometers on the Basis of the Validity of the Bunsen-Roscoe Law for Heliotropic Reactions

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Low‐level laser therapy for zymosan‐induced arthritis in rats: Importance of illumination time

Low‐level laser therapy for zymosan‐induced arthritis in rats: Importance of illumination time

Observations on the Reactions of Marine Plankton to Light

Temperature and Light as Factors Influencing the Rate of Swimming of Larvæ of the Mussel Crab, Pinnotheres Maculatus Say

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