Helicobacter pylori urease for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: A mini review

Graham, David Y.; Miftahussurur, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2018.01.006

Cited by 106 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Beyond the quality and site of the biopsy sample, factors inherent to biopsy-based tests used in the present work also could influence our results interpretation significantly. For instance, a true positive result in RUT requires approximately 10 5 H. pylori in the biopsy sample to produce the positive reaction (17) . Nonetheless, false-positive reactions also can occur, as bacteria other than H. pylori possess urease activity and potentially colonize the gastric mucosa (18) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Age, Endoscopic Findings, Urease and Helicobacter Pylori: All Uncorrelated Within a Sample of a High Gastric Cancer Prevalence Population in Amazon

Miranda

Caldato²,

Said³

et al. 2019

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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BACKGROUND: It is widely assumed that gender, age, gastritis and Helicobacter pylori , all have some degree of correlation and, therefore, can synergistically lead to the development of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: In this cross-sectional study, we expected to observe the above mentioned correlation in the analysis of medical records of 67 patients of both sexes (female, n=44), mean age ± standard deviation: 41±12 years old, all from Belém (capital of Pará State, Brazilian Amazon), a city historically known as one with the highest gastric cancer prevalence in this country. METHODS: All patients were submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for gastric biopsy histopathological analysis and rapid urease test. All diagnoses of gastritis were recorded considering its topography, category and the degree of inflammatory activity, being associated or not associated with H. pylori infection. RESULTS: The results show that no statistically relevant associations were found among the prevalences of the observed variables. CONCLUSION: The authors hypothesize that observed risk factors associated to gastric cancer might be lesser synergistic than is usually expected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Age, Endoscopic Findings, Urease and Helicobacter Pylori: All Uncorrelated Within a Sample of a High Gastric Cancer Prevalence Population in Amazon

Miranda

Caldato²,

Said³

et al. 2019

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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“…Conversely, HspA and Hpn proteins are related to nickel homeostasis, storage, and protection from higher concentrations of metal ions [59,61,64]. The access of urea to urease is restricted by an H + -gated pore (UreI) which regulates the urea entry into the cytoplasmic space [66]. The activity of these proteins is needed for urease function and, thus, for Hp colonization, and some of them (specifically, urease and HspA) can be inhibited by bismuth, an antimicrobial currently used in therapy [59].…”

Section: Ph Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavodoxins as Novel Therapeutic Targets against Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastric Pathogens

Salillas

Sancho

2020

IJMS

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Flavodoxins are small soluble electron transfer proteins widely present in bacteria and absent in vertebrates. Flavodoxins participate in different metabolic pathways and, in some bacteria, they have been shown to be essential proteins representing promising therapeutic targets to fight bacterial infections. Using purified flavodoxin and chemical libraries, leads can be identified that block flavodoxin function and act as bactericidal molecules, as it has been demonstrated for Helicobacter pylori (Hp), the most prevalent human gastric pathogen. Increasing antimicrobial resistance by this bacterium has led current therapies to lose effectiveness, so alternative treatments are urgently required. Here, we summarize, with a focus on flavodoxin, opportunities for pharmacological intervention offered by the potential protein targets described for this bacterium and provide information on other gastrointestinal pathogens and also on bacteria from the gut microbiota that contain flavodoxin. The process of discovery and development of novel antimicrobials specific for Hp flavodoxin that is being carried out in our group is explained, as it can be extrapolated to the discovery of inhibitors specific for other gastric pathogens. The high specificity for Hp of the antimicrobials developed may be of help to reduce damage to the gut microbiota and to slow down the development of resistant Hp mutants.

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“…The accuracy of H. pylori detection in the gastric biopsy specimens is dependent on several factors, including the degree of infection, previous administration of antibiotics that may clear the infection or decrease bacterial load in the test specimens, administration of proton pump inhibitors, type of diagnostic method, biopsy site, clinical sample processing method, and degree and type of tissue in ammatory changes [3][4][5]. H. pylori typically exhibits spiral morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of immunohistochemical staining in detecting Helicobacter pylori in Saudi patients with minimal and atypical infection

Akeel

Elhafey

Shehata

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection is diagnosed based on histopathological evaluation of gastric mucosal biopsies, urease test, urea breath test, H. pylori culturing, or direct detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in detecting H. pylori in gastric biopsies from dyspeptic patients with minimal and/or atypical infection. Gastric biopsies from 50 patients with chronic gastritis were subjected to routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), modified Giemsa, and IHC staining. The results of staining were compared with those of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The qRT-PCR analysis identified 32 (64%) H. pylori-positive cases, whereas IHC, H&E, and modified Giemsa staining identified 29 (58%), 27 (54%), and 21 (42%) positive cases. The false-positive rates of H&E and modified Giemsa staining were 16% and 14%, respectively. The sensitivity of IHC staining (87.50%) was higher than that of H&E (59.38%) and modified Giemsa (43.75%) staining. The specificity of H&E, modified Giemsa, and IHC staining was 55.56%, 61.11%, and 94.44%, respectively. IHC staining exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy (90%), followed by H&E (58%) and modified Giemsa (50%) staining. Active gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and lymphoid follicles were detected in 32 (64%), 4 (8%), and 22 (44%) cases, respectively, and all of these cases were H. pylori positive. Conclusions H. pylori can be detected using routine H&E or modified Giemsa staining. However, the high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of IHC staining minimise the false-positive/negative results and enable H. pylori detection in cases with minimal or atypical infection. Moreover, IHC can be an alternative diagnostic method to qRT-PCR for detection of H. pylori in such cases.

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Helicobacter pylori urease for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: A mini review

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 106 publications

References 65 publications

Gender, Age, Endoscopic Findings, Urease and Helicobacter Pylori: All Uncorrelated Within a Sample of a High Gastric Cancer Prevalence Population in Amazon

Gender, Age, Endoscopic Findings, Urease and Helicobacter Pylori: All Uncorrelated Within a Sample of a High Gastric Cancer Prevalence Population in Amazon

Flavodoxins as Novel Therapeutic Targets against Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastric Pathogens

Efficacy of immunohistochemical staining in detecting Helicobacter pylori in Saudi patients with minimal and atypical infection

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