Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics

Abstract

Even though Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a serious pathogen, its origin is unknown. Poultry (chicken, turkey, quail, goose, and ostrich) is consumed as a regular protein source by many people across the world; therefore, sanitary ways of delivering poultry for food are important for global health. As a result, the distribution of the virulence genes cagA, vacA, babA2, oipA, and iceA in H. pylori isolates in poultry meat, as well as their antibacterial resistance, was investigated. A Wilkins Chalgren anaerobic bacterial medium was used to cultivate 320 samples of raw poultry meat. Disk diffusion and multiplex-PCR were used to investigate both antimicrobial resistance and genotyping patterns. H. pylori was found in 20 of 320 (6.25 %) raw chicken meat samples. The highest incidence of H. pylori was found in chicken raw meat (15%), whereas no isolate was recovered from goose or quail raw meat (0.00%). Resistance to ampicillin (85%), tetracycline (85%), and amoxicillin (75%) were the most commonly detected in the tested H. pylori isolates. The percentage of H. pylori isolates with a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value of more than 0.2 was 17/20 (85%). The most prevalent genotypes detected were VacA (75%), m1a (75%), s2 (70%) and m2 (65%), and cagA (60%). The most typically detected genotype patterns were s1am1a (45 %), s2m1a (45 %), and s2 m2 (30 %). babA2, oipA+, and oipA- genotypes were found in 40%, 30%, and 30% of the population, respectively. In summary, fresh poultry meat was polluted by H. pylori, with the babA2, vacA, and cagA genotypes being more prevalent. The simultaneous occurrence of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, and babA2 genotypes in antibiotic-resistant H. pylori bacteria raises a serious public health concern regarding the consumption of raw poultry. Future research should evaluate antimicrobial resistance among H. pylori isolates in Iran.

Retraction Note: Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw poultry meat: frequency and molecular characteristics

“…After publication of this Article, concerns were raised about overlap in text and data with a prior publication with no common authors 1 . The Authors provided the raw data for the paper, but the subsequent analysis of this information identified discrepancies between the gel images provided and the data reported in the Article.…”

Impact of Garlic Extract on H.pylori Isolated from Chicken Meat Markets

“…The susceptibility test was based on the agar diffusion method (Asadi et al, 2023). An inoculum of strain H. pylori was prepared by transferring fresh colonies in tubes containing sterile saline the adjusting the turbidity to 2.0 McFarland units (approximately 6x10 8 CFU/mL).…”

“…Consumption of H. pyloricontaminated chicken meat may raise the risk of gastrointestinal illnesses in humans. Helicobacter has been classified as a zoonotic bacterium (Asadi et al,2023). This is a significant concern, as contaminated poultry and poultry products can potentially serve as a source of human infection.…”