2013
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082187
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Helicobacter pylori Genomic Microevolution during Naturally Occurring Transmission between Adults

Abstract: The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is usually acquired during childhood and, in the absence of treatment, chronic infection persists through most of the host's life. However, the frequency and importance of H. pylori transmission between adults is underestimated. Here we sequenced the complete genomes of H. pylori strains that were transmitted between spouses and analysed the genomic changes. Similar to H. pylori from chronic infection, a significantly high proportion of the determined 31 SNPs and … Show more

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Cited by 36 publications
(32 citation statements)
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References 35 publications
(51 reference statements)
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“…4). Since OMP encoding genes appear to be under constant selection by the immune system of the human host, the significantly increased frequency of mutation and recombination events in OMP genes in this (re-) infection study and during naturally occurring H. pylori transmission 31 suggest that changes in immunogenic bacterial surface structures facilitate rapid adaptation of the bacterial pathogen to an individual host. This adaptation process includes evasion of the host's immune system and will ultimately result in the equilibrium of a chronic infection (Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…4). Since OMP encoding genes appear to be under constant selection by the immune system of the human host, the significantly increased frequency of mutation and recombination events in OMP genes in this (re-) infection study and during naturally occurring H. pylori transmission 31 suggest that changes in immunogenic bacterial surface structures facilitate rapid adaptation of the bacterial pathogen to an individual host. This adaptation process includes evasion of the host's immune system and will ultimately result in the equilibrium of a chronic infection (Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Although the mutation rates of 8.4 Â 10 À 4 in the cag PAI-positive strain BM012B and of 6.1 Â 10 À 4 in the cag PAI-negative strain BM013B from the human volunteers represent the highest estimates so far, the mutation rates of 3.8 Â 10 À 4 within 1 week to 8.1 Â 10 À 5 within 1 month in the cag PAI-positive J166 output strains (Table 2) from the immunologically naive macaque were up to one order of magnitude slower. A mutation rate of 4.5 Â 10 À 5 was derived from 31 SNPs that accumulated in the genome of strain BM012S within 5 months following a naturally occurring transmission of H. pylori strain BM012A between spouses 31 . Extrapolating the accumulation of the 31 SNPs over the 5 months based on the increase in the J166 output strains would result in mutation rates of 5.0 Â 10 À 4 within 1 week and of 1.6 Â 10 À 4 within 1 month post infection.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The long, intimate association of H. pylori with humans suggests a history of bacterial adaptation. Considerable attention has focused on specific genes involved in modulating adaptive immunity of the host (for a review see Yamaoka 2010 andSalama et al 2013) and on genomic changes occurring during acute and chronic H. pylori infection (Kennemann et al 2011;Linz et al 2014) as well as during H. pylori transmission between human hosts (Linz et al 2013). However, bacterial genome adaptation has not been investigated at the global level.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Para el análisis comparativo fueron seleccionados 36 estudios, de los cuales 11 (30,55%) relacionan aspectos de ancestría y diversidad genética huésped-hospedero con el desarrollo de lesiones gástricas (9,16,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) (tabla 3); 10 (27,77%) reportan mecanismos de adaptación de la bacteria (5,11,14,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) La infección por H. pylori generalmente se adquiere durante la infancia por vía oral o fecal-oral a través del agua, los alimentos y las heces; en las familias, la transmisión requiere contacto íntimo. La presencia de H. pylori varía significativamente entre regiones.…”
Section: Resultsunclassified
“…La alta tasa de mutaciones homopolinucleotídicas, que son reversibles, generan pseudogenes que pueden ser transferidos horizontalmente entre cepas Maldonado et al, 2011 (31) Diagnóstico La recombinación de ADN y la eficiencia de las cepas está modulada por los sistemas de restricción-modificación, en los que las diferencias en los sitios de reconocimiento cognadas y de metilasas activas determinarán la dirección y la frecuencia de flujo de genes Sheh et al, 2013 (32) Diagnóstico Expresión diferencial de genes asociados con la motilidad, la patogenicidad y la adaptación al entorno de acogida, como los factores de virulencia cagA, vacA y baba, que se asocian con un aumento en la inflamación, la apoptosis celular y las lesiones gástricas Torres-Morquencho, 2010 (11) Diagnóstico Eventos de recombinación, alta tasa de mutación y capacidad de integrar inusualmente pequeñas piezas de ADN exógeno en su cromosoma, impulsados por la deriva al azar o por las fuerzas selectivas y favorecidos por la separación geográfica de las poblaciones humanas. Una fuerte y significativa selección positiva en las regiones variables de cagA, baba y oipA Linz et al, 2013 (33) Diagnóstico H. pylori es una de las especies bacterianas más diversa. Su extraordinariamente alta tasa de mutación (que se atribuye en parte a la falta de varios genes de reparación de mutación), la alta tasa de recombinación y la capacidad para formar reordenamientos genómicos aberrantes y para incorporar ADN no homólogo resultan en una notable diversidad bacteriana, incluso dentro de un único huésped para el éxito de la colonización del estómago humano-; los genes implicados en el metabolismo del cobre, cadmio, zinc, cobalto (CADA) y níquel (Nixa y yhhG); y los implicados en la virulencia como cagA, vacA y oipA, que pueden ser seleccionados positivamente entre las poblaciones de H. pylori de diferentes orígenes geográficos (2,4,6,7,11,23,29,33).…”
Section: Origen Y Edad De Asociaciónunclassified