Helicobacter pylori and kindergarten toys

Abstract

is prevalent throughout the world. It is an infection acquired usually at school age, and lasts lifelong if left untreated. Numerous studies have been conducted concerning the prevalence, contamination routes and risk factors of H. pylori. Its prevalence varies according to age and country (1). How H. pylori is acquired and the contamination routes are clearly not known at present. The commonest route for contamination is oral-oral or fecal-oral. The prevalence has been reported to be high in places with poor hygienic conditions and in crowded living conditions, such as in nurseries, kindergartens and rehabilitation centers, leading to contamination via the fecal-oral route. Various substances, either alive or inorganic, can play a role in H. pylori contamination. However, there are numerous sources that might play a role in contamination in childhood, which have not yet been investigated. Do the toys shared among children play a role in H. pylori contamination? As far as we know, this is the first study that aims to investigate the role of shared kindergarten toys in H. pylori contamination (2,3).

“Less Blue, More Clean”: Cu2O nano-cubic functionalized hydrogel for the energy transformation of light-emitting screens

“…To test the antibacterial property of HG lm and CMHG lm, Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) were chosen as the model bacteria and evaluated by Spread Plate Method. 29,30 For E. coli ( Fig. 2a), the HG lm owned a good bacteriostatic rate, reached to 91.15%.…”

Hygiene of Toys in Day Care Centers: a Care With Children

“…Although we identify some research on the hygiene of toys in health settings [6,16], the study of their use related to teaching and learning also needs special attention, since it is known that day care centers are considered important sites for direct transmission and indirect use of infectious microorganisms [4,[10][11][12][17][18].…”

“…There are records of occurrences of various infectious outbreaks in day care centers by different dissemination vehicles (hands, toys, food, clothing) [4,5,10] and different types of microorganisms [4][5][6]11].…”