Helicobacter pylori

Perry, Sharon; Martel, Catherine de; Parsonnet, Julie

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09843-2_18

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 316 publications

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“…H. pylori infection is often chronic and usually established during childhood. While a majority of those with chronic infection remain asymptomatic and free of disease consequences, it has been estimated that chronic H. pylori infection is responsible for more than 90% of peptic ulcer disease cases in developing countries where infection rates are high, and 65% of all gastric cancers worldwide (4,5). While the bacterium's pathogenic role in initiating gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancers was described soon after H. pylori was identified in the late 20th century, H. pylori research in the public health sector has developed much more slowly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pyloriincidence and re-infection in the AklavikH. pyloriProject

Carraher

Chang

Munday

et al. 2013

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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BackgroundThe Aklavik H. pylori Project (AHPP) (www.canhelpworkinggroup.ca) is a community-driven project examining Helicobacter pylori infection and its influence on health in a diverse Aboriginal community in the Northwest Territories. Initial research revealed that 58% of 333 participants who underwent a urea breath test (UBT) between 2007 and 2010 were H. pylori-positive. From 2008 to 2010, we offered treatment to H. pylori-positive participants and 113 consented to this treatment.ObjectiveWe estimated H. pylori incidence in AHPP participants who initially tested negative and the re-infection frequency in initially positive participants who were successfully treated to clear the infection.MethodsParticipants who were initially H. pylori-negative or negative after treatment during 2008–2010 were eligible for inclusion. From November 2011 to June 2012, participants were offered a UBT and the samples were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy (IRIS). Participants with a positive test result were classified as new cases for estimating incidence among participants testing negative at baseline and re-infection among those successfully treated for H. pylori infection.ResultsAmong 38 initially negative participants, follow-up UBT showed that 33 remained negative, 3 were positive, and 2 had uncertain status. The estimated incidence proportion during the follow-up period was 8.3% (95% CI: 1.8–22.0%). Among 43 participants with a negative post-treatment UBT, 41 remained negative and 2 were positive. The estimated re-infection proportion during the follow-up period was 4.7% (95% CI: 0.6–16.0%). The frequency of new cases was similar in males and females. Aboriginal participants had a combined re-infection/incidence rate of 2.4% per year (95% CI: 0.8–5.9% per year). All 9 non-Aboriginal participants remained free from infection throughout the study period, as did all 23 participants aged 55 years and above.ConclusionsThe AHPP has substantially reduced the burden of infection in Aklavik since 2008. Continued monitoring, treatment, community engagement and knowledge translation activities are needed to ensure a lasting benefit of the project.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pyloriincidence and re-infection in the AklavikH. pyloriProject

Carraher

Chang

Munday

et al. 2013

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…H.pylori, a bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa and epithelial lining of the human stomach, remains one of the most common chronic mucosal infections in the world, 58 infecting approximately 80 % of those in TB-endemic regions. Typically acquired in early life via oral–oral or fecal–oral pathways, 59 chronic infection is now known to be the preeminent cause of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease.…”

Section: Intestinal Helminths Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of mucosal infections on acquisition and progression of tuberculosis

2011

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More than one-third of the world’s population, or over 2 billion people, are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis in humans. Why only 10 % of those infected develop active disease while the remainder harbor latent infection remains one of the greatest scientific and public health mysteries. Bacterial persistence is characterized by a dynamic state of immunological tolerance between pathogen and host. The critical role of CD4+ T cells in defense against intracellular pathogens became evident during epidemiological studies of HIV-1 infection, which showed a clear inverse relationship between CD4+ T-cell count in peripheral blood and increased risk of infection with M. tuberculosis, pneumocystis and Toxoplasma gondii. There is also growing evidence of a common mucosal immune system, whereby immune cells activated at one mucosal site may disseminate to remote effector sites. In this commentary, we review emerging evidence from human studies that the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection is influenced by concurrent mucosal infections, using Helicobacter pylori and geohelminths as examples. Understanding how the complexity of microbial exposures influences host immunity may have important implications for vaccine development and therapeutic interventions.

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“…In the developing world, Helicobacter pylori and helminth infections frequently co-exist with LTBI [14]. Typically acquired before the age of 5 years through crowded and unsanitary conditions, H. pylori actively infects about 80% of individuals living in the developing world [15]. Colonization, which causes gastric inflammation with secretion of T-cell derived IFN-γ and other Th1 type cytokines [16] as well as a strong systemic antibody response, may persist asymptomatically for life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune response to tuberculosis infection in the setting ofHelicobacter pyloriand helminth infections

et al. 2012

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Summary We screened 176 healthy, adult (aged 18–55 years) US refugees from tuberculosis (TB)-endemic countries to evaluate whether cytokine responses to latent TB infection (LTBI) are modified in the setting of concurrent H. pylori and helminth infection. As measured by the Quantiferon-TB GOLD interferon-γ release assay, a total 38 (22%) subjects had LTBI, of which 28 (74%) also were H. pylori seropositive and/or helminth infected. Relative to ten subjects with LTBI only, 16 subjects with concurrent H. pylori infection had significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ, and nine subjects with both H. pylori and helminth infection had significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-13, and IL-5. H. pylori is associated with enhanced IFN-γ responses to TB, even in the setting of concurrent helminth infection. Efficacy of TB vaccines may vary with the co-existence of these three infections in the developing world.

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Helicobacter pylori

Cited by 3 publications

References 316 publications

Helicobacter pyloriincidence and re-infection in the AklavikH. pyloriProject

Helicobacter pyloriincidence and re-infection in the AklavikH. pyloriProject

The impact of mucosal infections on acquisition and progression of tuberculosis

The immune response to tuberculosis infection in the setting ofHelicobacter pyloriand helminth infections

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