Helicity multiplexed broadband metasurface holograms

Wen, Dandan; Yue, Fuyong; Li, Guixin; Zheng, Guoxing; Chan, Kara; Chen, Shumei; Chen, Ming; Li, King Fai; Wong, P.L.; Cheah, Kok Wai; Pun, Edwin Yue-Bun; Zhang, Shuang; Chen, Xianzhong

doi:10.1038/ncomms9241

Cited by 807 publications

(564 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…As proof of the concept that we can provide control of the phase of a wavefront from 0 to 2π, a requirement for many optical components, we produced metasurface holograms based on geometric phase. Efficient metasurfaces with metallic components operating in reflection have been demonstrated at red and nearinfrared wavelengths (13,14) but have efficiencies of <1% and <10% at blue and green wavelengths, respectively (15,16). Thus, the TiO 2 metasurfaces we demonstrate here provide substantial improvement with efficiencies from 78 to 82%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Broadband high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces for the visible spectrum

Devlin

Khorasaninejad

Chen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

449

361

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Metasurfaces are planar optical elements that hold promise for overcoming the limitations of refractive and conventional diffractive optics. Original dielectric metasurfaces are limited to transparency windows at infrared wavelengths because of significant optical absorption and loss at visible wavelengths. Thus, it is critical that new materials and nanofabrication techniques be developed to extend dielectric metasurfaces across the visible spectrum and to enable applications such as high numerical aperture lenses, color holograms, and wearable optics. Here, we demonstrate high performance dielectric metasurfaces in the form of holograms for red, green, and blue wavelengths with record absolute efficiency (>78%). We use atomic layer deposition of amorphous titanium dioxide with surface roughness less than 1 nm and negligible optical loss. We use a process for fabricating dielectric metasurfaces that allows us to produce anisotropic, subwavelength-spaced dielectric nanostructures with shape birefringence. This process is capable of realizing any high-efficiency metasurface optical element, e.g., metalenses and axicons.devices composed of subwavelength-spaced units and near-flat profiles compared with refractive optics (7-9)-have allowed unprecedented control over optical wavefronts (5) while circumventing Ohmic losses associated with plasmonic metasurfaces. Due to the scientific and technological importance of visible wavelengths, there has been increasing effort to realize DMs at these wavelengths. For example, silicon nitride DMs have been realized at a red wavelength (λ = 633 nm) (10), scattering properties of coupled TiO 2 resonators (11) have been examined, and TiO 2 binary diffraction gratings have been fabricated via top-down etching (12). However, no current DM implementation has been capable of providing arbitrary phase control of an optical wavefront while maintaining high efficiency across the entire visible spectrum (especially at blue and green wavelengths). Furthermore, the typical top-down techniques used to implement these metasurfaces can introduce significant surface roughness and make it difficult to create subwavelength sampling of a desired optical phase profile.In this paper, we demonstrate amorphous TiO 2 metasurfaces that maintain high efficiency across the entire visible spectrum. Our approach to creating DMs uses a bottom-up nanofabrication via atomic layer deposition providing high-aspect ratio, anisotropic dielectric nanostructures with minimal surface roughness. As proof of the concept that we can provide control of the phase of a wavefront from 0 to 2π, a requirement for many optical components, we produced metasurface holograms based on geometric phase. Efficient metasurfaces with metallic components operating in reflection have been demonstrated at red and nearinfrared wavelengths (13, 14) but have efficiencies of <1% and <10% at blue and green wavelengths, respectively (15, 16). Thus, the TiO 2 metasurfaces we demonstrate here provide substantial improvement with efficiencies fro...

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mentioning

confidence: 66%

Broadband high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces for the visible spectrum

Devlin

Khorasaninejad

Chen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

449

361

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“…The experimental results show that the normally incident terahertz wave could be deflected to an angle as large as 72° with 40% efficiency, which is significantly better than the previously reported results realized by the conventional reflectarray even at microwave frequency 42. Owning to the existence of Fourier transform relation between the coding pattern and far‐field pattern, the coding metasurfaces can be studied from a fully digital perspective, enabling more versatile manipulations to scattering patterns, and therefore have the potential to be applied in many terahertz devices such as metalens,4, 43 metaholography,44, 45 and spoof surface plasmon polariton devices 9, 12, 46…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convolution Operations on Coding Metasurface to Reach Flexible and Continuous Controls of Terahertz Beams

et al. 2016

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The concept of coding metasurface makes a link between physically metamaterial particles and digital codes, and hence it is possible to perform digital signal processing on the coding metasurface to realize unusual physical phenomena. Here, this study presents to perform Fourier operations on coding metasurfaces and proposes a principle called as scattering‐pattern shift using the convolution theorem, which allows steering of the scattering pattern to an arbitrarily predesigned direction. Owing to the constant reflection amplitude of coding particles, the required coding pattern can be simply achieved by the modulus of two coding matrices. This study demonstrates that the scattering patterns that are directly calculated from the coding pattern using the Fourier transform have excellent agreements to the numerical simulations based on realistic coding structures, providing an efficient method in optimizing coding patterns to achieve predesigned scattering beams. The most important advantage of this approach over the previous schemes in producing anomalous single‐beam scattering is its flexible and continuous controls to arbitrary directions. This work opens a new route to study metamaterial from a fully digital perspective, predicting the possibility of combining conventional theorems in digital signal processing with the coding metasurface to realize more powerful manipulations of electromagnetic waves.

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“…Comparing to conventional approach of making holograms using discrete depths of materials, the generated phase can be continuously varied in the geometric-phase approach. The holograms generated can now depend on the incident spin and its efficiency can reach nearly 80% by employing a reflection geometry of the metasurface, as shown in Figure 11B and C [134][135][136][137].…”

Section: Geometric Phase Enabled Planar Lens and Hologramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-dependent optics with metasurfaces

et al. 2016

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Optical spin-Hall effect (OSHE) is a spindependent transportation phenomenon of light as an analogy to its counterpart in condensed matter physics. Although being predicted and observed for decades, this effect has recently attracted enormous interests due to the development of metamaterials and metasurfaces, which can provide us tailor-made control of the light-matter interaction and spin-orbit interaction. In parallel to the developments of OSHE, metasurface gives us opportunities to manipulate OSHE in achieving a stronger response, a higher efficiency, a higher resolution, or more degrees of freedom in controlling the wave front. Here, we give an overview of the OSHE based on metasurface-enabled geometric phases in different kinds of configurational spaces and their applications on spin-dependent beam steering, focusing, holograms, structured light generation, and detection. These developments mark the beginning of a new era of spin-enabled optics for future optical components.

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Helicity multiplexed broadband metasurface holograms

Cited by 807 publications

References 39 publications

Broadband high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces for the visible spectrum

Broadband high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces for the visible spectrum

Convolution Operations on Coding Metasurface to Reach Flexible and Continuous Controls of Terahertz Beams

Spin-dependent optics with metasurfaces

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