Helical distribution of hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence and clinical implications

The use of contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography for spiral‐variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

“…Transthoracic echocardiography findings of spiral-variant HCM such as LVOT obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve have been associated with worse clinical prognosis compared with nonspiral variants. 19,20 Higher rates of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death, as well as a higher incidence of heart failure and all-cause mortality, have been reported with the spiral pattern of HCM. 19 In conclusion, the role of TTE has been to date restricted to screening patients for HCM with reliance on CMR for diagnosis and characterization of phenotype of HCM.…”

“…19,20 Higher rates of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death, as well as a higher incidence of heart failure and all-cause mortality, have been reported with the spiral pattern of HCM. 19 In conclusion, the role of TTE has been to date restricted to screening patients for HCM with reliance on CMR for diagnosis and characterization of phenotype of HCM. In this case, we highlight that TTE with UEA may prove to be a valuable tool in demonstrating the geometry of the rare spiral-variant HCM to the echocardiologist.…”

The Use of Contrast-Enhanced Transthoracic Echocardiography for Spiral Variant Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

“…In our patient, we utilized a multi-modal approach, and although CMR provided a definitive diagnosis, the use of TTE with UEA allowed adequate visualization of the spiral HCM geometry which, to our knowledge we also represent as the first case diagnosed by TTE. TTE findings of spiral variant HCM such as LVOT obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve have been associated with worse clinical prognosis compared to non-spiral variants [18,19]. Higher rates of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death, as well as a higher incidence of heart failure and all-cause mortality have been reported with the spiral pattern of HCM [18].…”

“…TTE findings of spiral variant HCM such as LVOT obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve have been associated with worse clinical prognosis compared to non-spiral variants [18,19]. Higher rates of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death, as well as a higher incidence of heart failure and all-cause mortality have been reported with the spiral pattern of HCM [18].…”

Cardiovascular imaging 2017 in the International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging

“…The helical distribution of hypertrophy in patients with HCM was studied by Viliani et al who found a higher estimation of risk of sudden cardiac death in HCM patients exhibiting a helical pattern [69]. A bicuspid aortic valve classification scheme for CMR was proposed by Murphy et al to aid in better understanding the relationship of valve morphology, flow derangement and aortopathy [70].…”