Abstract:BackgroundIn developed nations, taller children exhibit a greater propensity to overweight/obesity. This study investigates whether this height-adiposity relationship holds true for Cameroon children using two parameters of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).MethodsIn 557 children (287 boys and 270 girls, mean age 9.0 ± 1.8 years) from the North West Region of Cameroon height, weight and WC were measured and BMI calculated. Variables were converted to standard deviation scor… Show more
“…Very few participants (4/176) were overweight, one case of underweight has found and no obese students were identified. However, these observations were not in accordance with the previous findings on overweight and obesity in children in rural and urban Cameroon (Navti et al, 2014;Navti et al, 2015;Navti et al, 2017). The low prevalence of overweight and obesity could be justified by the sample size of our study.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…It is plausible that a number of limitations may influenced the results obtained. First, the limited sample size did not allow us to better compare our results with previous studies (Navti et al, 2014;Navti et al, 2015;Navti et al, 2017). Another limitation is the lack of data on the socio-economic background of students because previous studies have highlighted the preponderance of overweight and obesity among students from high socioeconomic backgrounds.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…In Cameroon, epidemiological findings on obesity and overweight in some schools indicated up to 18% prevalence (Wamba et al, 2013;Navti et al, 2014;Navti et al, 2015;Navti et al, 2017;Choukem et al, 2017). Standard factors including socio-economic status, stature, and physical activity have been identified as the key contributors of overweight and obesity in such studies.…”
Little information is known concerning the no-self-reported measures of physical activity among African schoolchildren despite alarming prevalence of the cardiometabolic risk factors such as overweight and obesity. This study aims to evaluate some physical and cardiorespiratory profiles among schoolchildren from two government high schools (S1, S2) in Douala, Cameroon. One hundred and seventy-six (176) schoolchildren (114 boys and 62 girls) aged 10-14 years underwent a 9 minutes run test. At the end of the test, distance covered (D), peak and recovery heart rates (Peak HR, HRR) were determined. Prior to testing session, anthropometric data (i.e. height and weight) were taken using a standard protocol and the body max index (BMI) was also calculated. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was estimated at the end of the test. Most of schoolchildren (97%) have normal weight. But D (m) was higher compared to some of those observed in Caucasians. D for girls was significantly (p<0.0001) lower than that of the boys. No significant (p>0.05) variation was found in BMI, Peak HR and HRR among the schoolchildren. However, significant (p<0.05) variation was detected in D for girls in S2 on a reduced track (278m) as compared to that of D for girls in S1 on a larger track (400m). Negative correlation was found between D and RPE (r = -0.220, p=0.003). These results present some differences on body composition, physical and cardiorespiratory profiles among Cameroonian schoolchildren in accordance with gender and space perception.
“…Very few participants (4/176) were overweight, one case of underweight has found and no obese students were identified. However, these observations were not in accordance with the previous findings on overweight and obesity in children in rural and urban Cameroon (Navti et al, 2014;Navti et al, 2015;Navti et al, 2017). The low prevalence of overweight and obesity could be justified by the sample size of our study.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…It is plausible that a number of limitations may influenced the results obtained. First, the limited sample size did not allow us to better compare our results with previous studies (Navti et al, 2014;Navti et al, 2015;Navti et al, 2017). Another limitation is the lack of data on the socio-economic background of students because previous studies have highlighted the preponderance of overweight and obesity among students from high socioeconomic backgrounds.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…In Cameroon, epidemiological findings on obesity and overweight in some schools indicated up to 18% prevalence (Wamba et al, 2013;Navti et al, 2014;Navti et al, 2015;Navti et al, 2017;Choukem et al, 2017). Standard factors including socio-economic status, stature, and physical activity have been identified as the key contributors of overweight and obesity in such studies.…”
Little information is known concerning the no-self-reported measures of physical activity among African schoolchildren despite alarming prevalence of the cardiometabolic risk factors such as overweight and obesity. This study aims to evaluate some physical and cardiorespiratory profiles among schoolchildren from two government high schools (S1, S2) in Douala, Cameroon. One hundred and seventy-six (176) schoolchildren (114 boys and 62 girls) aged 10-14 years underwent a 9 minutes run test. At the end of the test, distance covered (D), peak and recovery heart rates (Peak HR, HRR) were determined. Prior to testing session, anthropometric data (i.e. height and weight) were taken using a standard protocol and the body max index (BMI) was also calculated. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was estimated at the end of the test. Most of schoolchildren (97%) have normal weight. But D (m) was higher compared to some of those observed in Caucasians. D for girls was significantly (p<0.0001) lower than that of the boys. No significant (p>0.05) variation was found in BMI, Peak HR and HRR among the schoolchildren. However, significant (p<0.05) variation was detected in D for girls in S2 on a reduced track (278m) as compared to that of D for girls in S1 on a larger track (400m). Negative correlation was found between D and RPE (r = -0.220, p=0.003). These results present some differences on body composition, physical and cardiorespiratory profiles among Cameroonian schoolchildren in accordance with gender and space perception.
“…The inter-rater agreement at the full-text screening (Kappa statistic = 0.75, p < 0.01) and data extraction (Kappa statistic = 0.87, p < 0.01) stages shows there was a moderate to a substantial level of agreement respectively. Of the 31 articles excluded at the full-text screening stage, 17 did not report any of this study’s outcomes of interest [ 3 , 33 – 48 ], 7 were review studies [ 20 , 49 – 54 ], 4 were published in French though their titles and abstracts were in English [ 55 – 58 ], 2 reported evidence outside this study’s population age range [ 59 , 60 ], and 1 study was not conducted in of SSA [ 61 ]. Fig.…”
Background
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NDC), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, poses a significant threat to global health. Obesity and overweight constitute major risk factors of NCDs such as heart diseases, diabetes, and kidney disease, and as a result, contribute significantly to the development of chronic morbidities, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of premature death. This study described evidence on the prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight and obesity in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA).
Methods
We conducted a systematic scoping review employing the Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac et al. recommendations, and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. To obtain relevant published articles for this review, we performed a comprehensive keywords search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CINAHL via EBSCOhost platform for studies published between 2009 and June 2019. Guided by the eligibility criteria, title and abstracts, as well as the full-text articles were independently screened in parallel by two investigators. All relevant data were independently extracted by two investigators using a piloted form designed in Microsoft and thematic analysis conducted.
Results
Of the 81 included studies obtained from 250,148 potentially eligible articles, the majority (25) conducted in South Africa followed by 18 in Nigeria. Six studies were conducted in Ethiopia (6), Tanzania (5), Kenya (4), Cameroon (4), Ghana (3), Uganda (2), Mozambique (2), and Sudan (2). One study each was conducted in Botswana, Gambia, Lesotho, Mauritius, Seychelles, Togo, and Zimbabwe. The remaining three articles were multi-country studies. Most (81.5%) of the included studies were cross-sectional surveys and the majority (79) focused on both male and female participants. The majority (80/81) of the included studies reported on the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, 8 on the trends of childhood overweight/obesity, and one presented evidence on the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity in SSA.
Conclusion
This review demonstrates limited studies on childhood overweight/obesity in most SSA countries although the included studies suggest an increasing burden. Considering the consequences of childhood obesity, there is a need for more primary researches to inform policies decision and implementation to halt the rise of childhood obesity/overweight in SSA.
“…Nosso achado de que existe uma correlação significante entre a CC e a área gorda do braço, esta considerada um indicador da massa gorda corporal 78,84,88,97 , maior do que em relação à área muscular do braço, reforça que a CC é um indicador bastante plausível de massa gorda corporal, conforme já foi descrito por outros autores 78,95,97 e também concluído em uma revisão de literatura recentemente publicada 90 .…”
0,48) quanto em 2016 (0,68 e 0,76), respectivamente. A circunferência da cintura apresentou correlação (r=0,5307) estatisticamente significante (p<0,0001) com a estatura que as crianças apresentaram em 2016. CONCLUSÕES -A frequência de crianças com EP se manteve estável nos dois anos. Crianças no terceiro ano de vida com EP têm um risco duas vezes maior de apresentar sobrepeso ou obesidade até os 5 anos de idade e maior estatura nessa idade se associa a alterações da composição corporal que podem resultar em maior IMC, maior circunferência da cintura, maior massa magra e um aumento proporcionalmente maior de massa gorda.DESCRITORESavaliação nutricional, antropometria, estudos de coorte, obesidade, pré-escolar, crescimento. 7 ABSTRACT LOPES, A.F. Evolution of the nutritional status of pre-school children. 2018. Thesis-Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. Portuguese. INTRODUCTION -The high prevalence of overweight children is currently considered to be one of the major public health problems because it is a multifactorial condition of origin and due to its complex immediate implications in biopsychosocial health, both in childhood and in adult life. Monitoring of growth through anthropometry allows early detection of health problems and nutritional risk situations, such as overweight and obesity. In this sense, observing the evolution of the nutritional status of overweight children as well as identifying the new cases and the possible anthropometric indicators that relate to this condition can be useful tools for the health care of the population. OBJECTIVES -To analyze nutritional status and its evolution in children attending municipal pre-schools in the city of Taubaté, in two moments, with a two-year interval: 2014 and 2016. METHODS -An analytical, cohort observational study with a sample of preschool children in the city of Taubaté, interior of the State of São Paulo -Brazil. A reassessment of the nutritional status of the 351 children attending day-care centers was carried out in 2016. The frequency of overweight (OW -z score of body mass index> 1) was compared at both moments and the relationship between the nutritional status of the pre-schoolers and their previous nutritional status and height was analyzed, as well as the other anthropometric parameters collected: muscular area and fat area of the arm and waist circumference. RESULTS -Mean values of height z score (zH), weight (zW) and body mass index (zBMI) in 2014 were, respectively, -0.07; 0.37 and 0.58 and in 2016: 0.09; 0.43 and 0.57. The proportion of children with OW was 31.05% (2014) and 31.06% (2016). The relative risk of children with OW in 2014 being obese in 2016 was 1.96 (p: 0.0473). The correlation was positive (r: 0.2761, p <0.0001) between the zH difference and the zBMI difference in the two years. The zBMI in 2014 analyzed in tertile showed no correlation (p: 0.1309) with the gain in stature in the two years. Muscle area and fat area of the arm had a significant association with zBMI in 2014 (0.46 and 0....
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