Height growth-related competitiveness of oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) under climate change in Central Europe. Is silvicultural assistance still required in mixed-species stands?

Stimm, Kilian; Heym, Michael; Uhl, Enno; Tretter, Stefan; Pretzsch, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118780

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such interventions are common and in younger stands are essential in order to regulate the tree species proportions if one species might be outcompeted by the other. Examples are the promotion of sessile oak or Scots pine by removal of competing European beech (Stimm et al 2021;Spellmann 2008), promotion of Pyrenean oak when mixed with Scots pine (González-Molina 1996), and release of slower growing Norway spruce when mixed with naturally regenerated birch, aspen, and grey alder (Kairiūkštis 1973). In all the cases, in order to keep the mixtures the light demanding species (such as Scots pine, sessile oak, or European larch) often need a promotion by schematic release or selective treatment (based on negative selection) of neighboring more shade-tolerant species (Hilmers et al 2020).…”

Section: The Main Criteria Of Thinning Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species forest stands. A European review and perspective

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Compared with far-developed measures and methods for mono-specific forest stands, the silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands are at their early beginning. However, they are essential for the well-conceived establishment, design, and control of mixed-species stands, currently promoted in many countries worldwide. Here, we review the state of the art and we further develop silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands for steering of experiments, stand modeling, and silviculture. We review which aspects of tree species mixing are most relevant for management goal achievement. We found the maintenance of species diversity and structural heterogeneity for ecological purpose, stabilizing productivity, and social-economic performance as main objectives. We give an overview of quantitatively formulated silvicultural prescriptions for steering mixed-species stands for forest practice, long-term experiments, forest stand models. Compared with the sophisticated guidelines for mono-specific stands, prescriptions for mixed stand are often mainly qualitative and vague. Then, we introduce methodological approaches in development for steering mixture: measures for spatial and temporal separation, species-specific growing space requirements for crop trees, coefficients for equivalence and density modification, and basic relationships for steering tree number and area-based mixing proportions. Finally, we draw conclusions for further development of methodological approaches for silvicultural steering of experiments, implementation in stand simulators, and for silvicultural operations. We see the need for improving the quantitative spatially explicit rules based at tree or cohort level, for substantiating the knowledge on species-specific allometry, growing area, tree-to-tree distances, and position-dependent competition indices for steering tree removal. We discuss the prospects and limitations of establishing silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands that inevitably will be more complicated than those for mono-specific stands, and we draw conclusions for next steps in science and practice.

show abstract

Section: The Main Criteria Of Thinning Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species forest stands. A European review and perspective

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, even in RCP 4.5 it is (B) that has the best prognosis until the end of the century. Depending on their shade tolerance species from this group must be actively relieved from the competitive beech [96][97][98]. "Alternative" species from group (C) are typically not under cultivation today but in case of a stronger climate change may play a crucial role already towards the end of the century [99].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Analogues for Temperate European Forests to Raise Silvicultural Evidence Using Twin Regions

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate analogues provide forestry practice with empirical evidence of how forests are managed in “twin” regions, i.e., regions where the current climate is comparable to the expected future climate at a site of interest. As the twin regions and their silvicultural evidence change with each climate scenario and model, we focus our investigation on how the uncertainty in future climate affects tree species prevalence. We calculate the future climate from 2000 to 2100 for three ensemble variants of the mild (representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5) and hard (RCP 8.5) climate scenarios. We determine climatic distances between the future climate of our site of interest ‘Roth’ and the current climate in Europe, generating maps with twin regions from 2000 to 2100. From forest inventories in these twin regions we trace how the prevalence of 23 major tree species changes. We realize that it is not the ‘how’ but the ‘how fast’ species’ prevalence changes that differs between the scenario variants. We use this finding to develop a categorization of species groups that integrates the uncertainty in future climate. Twin regions provide further information on silvicultural practices, pest management, product chains etc.

show abstract

“…This has to be considered when managing oak. Moreover, the consideration of oak in mixed species stands is not very attractive to forest managers, because of rather high silvicultural efforts to maintain oak in mixed species stands [35,42,43]. These observations are combined with long rotation periods to have high timber quality in production oriented oak silviculture in Central Europe [33,44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Productivity of Monospecific and Mixed Oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) Stands in Germany: Growth Dynamics and the Effect of Stand Structure

Stimm

Heym

Nagel

et al. 2022

Forests

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wood production is one of the most important ecosystem service that forests provide to society. However, under changing climatic conditions, this appears to be subject to increasing uncertainties. In the present study we analyzed how long-term productivity of oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) stands has developed, how oak behaved on tree and stand level depending on the stand structure and which trade-offs can be observed. For the analyses, data from 147 long-term monospecific and mixed stands were investigated, which have been regularly recorded since 1898. Firstly, long-term stand productivity has increased up to 21% until 2020 as compared to 1960. This trend was observed for both, monospecific as well as mixed oak stands. Secondly, stand productivity was on average 19% higher in mixed compared to monospecific oak stands. This superiority can be explained by higher stand densities, a vigorous understory and the admixture of beech in particular. With increasing age, the observed positive effect of stand density was higher. Thirdly, individual oak productivity slowed down under interspecific competition, especially in young to mid-aged stands. In this context, the productivity of individual oaks depended strongly on their social position within the stand. Fourthly, in terms of growth partitioning larger trees contributed most in young oak stands, regardless of mixture. In order to preserve oak as a productive component of future mixed forests, the results suggest a silvicultural promotion of oak. Consistent management of dominant and vital oaks can achieve high productive trees while maintaining the positive characteristics of highly structured and mixed forests. A vigorous secondary stand can increase overall stand productivity at lower densities and allows silvicultural flexibility at the stand level. Creating vertical stand structure to reduce competition has only a limited positive effect on productivity of individual oaks that is highly related to its social status. Special attention should still be paid to beech as admixed tree species, which can continue to crowd oak even at higher stand ages.

show abstract

Height growth-related competitiveness of oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) under climate change in Central Europe. Is silvicultural assistance still required in mixed-species stands?

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species forest stands. A European review and perspective

Silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species forest stands. A European review and perspective

Climate Analogues for Temperate European Forests to Raise Silvicultural Evidence Using Twin Regions

Long-Term Productivity of Monospecific and Mixed Oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) Stands in Germany: Growth Dynamics and the Effect of Stand Structure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About