Height as a Substitute for Weight for Estimating Praziquantel Dosage

Idowu, Emmanuel Taiwo; Mafe, M A; Appelt, B; Adewale, Babatunde; Adeneye, Adeniyi; Akinwale, Olaoluwa P.; Manafa, Ogenna; Akande, DO

doi:10.12927/whp.2007.19034

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The dose pole measurement has been validated to provide simple and accurate dosage between 20 and 60 mg/kg (Montresor et al 2001(Montresor et al , 2005. The validity of using height for dosing in the field has been confirmed from a study in a Nigerian community (Idowu et al 2007). However, the pole precludes infants and pre-school-aged children (< 94 cm) from treatment.…”

Section: M P L I C a T I O N F O R C O N T R O L P R O G R A M M E Smentioning

confidence: 97%

Schistosomiasis in infants and pre-school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: implication for control

et al. 2012

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Until recently, the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa have focused primarily on infections in school-aged children and to a lesser extent on adults. Now there is growing evidence and reports of infection in infants and pre-school-aged children (≤ 6 years old) in Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Uganda, with reported prevalence from 14% to 86%. In this review, we provide available information on the epidemiology, transmission and control of schistosomiasis in this age group, generally not considered or included in national schistosomiasis control programmes that are being implemented in several sub-Saharan African countries. Contrary to previous assumptions, we show that schistosomiasis infection starts from early childhood in many endemic communities and factors associated with exposure of infants and pre-school-aged children to infection are yet to be determined. The development of morbidity early in childhood may contribute to long-term clinical impact and severity of schistosomiasis before they receive treatment. Consistently, these issues are overlooked in most schistosomiasis control programmes. It is, therefore, necessary to review current policy of schistosomiasis control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa to consider the treatment of infant and pre-school-aged children and the health education to mothers.

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Section: M P L I C a T I O N F O R C O N T R O L P R O G R A M M E Smentioning

confidence: 97%

Schistosomiasis in infants and pre-school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: implication for control

et al. 2012

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Parasitological evaluation of Ro 15-9268, a 9-acridanone-hydrazone derivative against Schistosoma mansoni in mice, and observations on changes in serum enzyme levels

et al. 2013

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Schistosoma mansoni is one of the major causes of schistosomiasis prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities. It is estimated that at least 90% of those requiring treatment for schistosomiasis live in Africa. The primary control strategy employed for schistosomiasis is mass drug administration (MDA).The aim is to reduce disease through treatments with a single lower dose of Ro 15-9268 as a new antischistosomal drug. In the present search, the efficacy of Ro 15-9268 was studied in mice using a dose of 12.5 mg/kg of body weight (b.wt.) against an Egyptian strain of S. mansoni. This was carried out at 2 days and 3, 4, and 6 weeks post-cercarial exposure of mice. The criteria used were the worm load, oogram pattern and number of ova in the liver and intestine, hepatic enzyme activity, and liver histopathology. The tested agent has led to a significant reduction in worm burden (89.80%) in liver and portomesenteric veins concurrent with a hepatic shift at the second week posttreatment followed by a complete disappearance of worms, 4 weeks postmedication. The oogram of infected animals treated revealed an increased number of dead ova 2 days posttreatment and complete absence of immature and mature ova 2 weeks later. The hepatic and intestinal egg counts significantly declined by about 96 and 98%, respectively, 6 weeks after treatment, and the fecal egg count completely disappeared from stool 4 weeks after medication. The hepatic histopathological changes were improved, ova were markedly degenerated, and worms showed fragmentation and degeneration after drug administration. In conclusion, when Ro 15-9268 was administered to mice infected with the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni, at a low dose level (12.5 mg/kg b.wt.), encouraging results were obtained. The drug showed high efficacy against schistosomal worms as well as histopathological inflammatory changes.

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Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

Smits¹

2009

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.

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Height as a Substitute for Weight for Estimating Praziquantel Dosage

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Schistosomiasis in infants and pre-school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: implication for control

Schistosomiasis in infants and pre-school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: implication for control

Parasitological evaluation of Ro 15-9268, a 9-acridanone-hydrazone derivative against Schistosoma mansoni in mice, and observations on changes in serum enzyme levels

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

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