Height above ground corrections of EM38 readings of soil apparent electrical conductivity

Korsæth, Audun

doi:10.1080/09064710500325855

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition to the effective depth ranges when placed on the ground surface, both devices can be lifted at different heights above the soil surface to investigate interval depth variations and model the distribution of salt content in the soil layers [43][44][45]. Also, they are designed for handheld measurements or can be mounted on non-metallic sleds and attached to vehicles for mobile measurements.…”

Section: Principles Of the Em38 And Mk2 Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Mapping of Soil Salinity Using the EM38 and EM38MK2 Sensors: A Focus on the Modeling Approaches

Petsetidi,

Kargas

2023

Land

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Soil salinization and its detrimental agricultural, environmental, and socioeconomic impact over extended regions represent a major global concern that needs to be addressed. The sustainability of agricultural lands and the development of proper mitigation strategies require effective monitoring and mapping of the saline areas of the world. Therefore, robust modeling techniques and efficient sensors that assess and monitor the spatial and temporal variations in soil salinity within an area, promptly and accurately, are essential. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the modeling approaches for the assessment and mapping of saline soils using data collected by the EM38 and EM38MK2 (MK2) sensors at different scales. By examining the current and latest approaches and highlighting the most noteworthy considerations related to their accuracy and reliability, the intention of this review is to elucidate and underline the role of the EM38 and the MK2 type in the recent needs of detecting and interpreting soil salinity. Another aim is to assist researchers and users in selecting the optimal approach for future surveys and making well-informed decisions for the implementation of precise management practices. The study’s findings revealed that the integration of the EM38 and MK2 sensors with remote sensing data and advanced methods like machine learning and inversion is a promising approach to the accurate prediction and mapping of the spatiotemporal variations in soil salinity. Therefore, future research focused on validating and expanding such sophisticated modeling applications to regional and global scales should be increased.

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Section: Principles Of the Em38 And Mk2 Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Mapping of Soil Salinity Using the EM38 and EM38MK2 Sensors: A Focus on the Modeling Approaches

Petsetidi,

Kargas

2023

Land

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“…The quest for linguistic simplicity in aesthetics, philosophy, and natural sciences has persisted for centuries as shown by the widely-known William of Ockham's (1285Ockham's ( -1347 Occam's razor as formulated by Constable et al (1987) in their paper on electromagnetic sounding data "it is vain to do with more what can be done with fewer". 6 Some years ago, Korsaeth (2006) reported the commercial availability of the EM38 device in several countries. Hopefully, with future improvements in EMI technology, more kinds of EMI instruments will be designed and produced by different manufacturers, with this technology becoming increasingly popular for archeologists, consultants, farmers, engineers, environmentalists, soil mappers, and other users.…”

Section: Prospects For the Emi Sensors Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The problem with “apparent electrical conductivity” in soil electromagnetic induction studies

Herrero

Pabuayon

2021

Advances in Agronomy

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“…The effect of readings depends on the relative height of the tool, and the actual conductivity at each depth. Korsaeth (2006) [8] developed a correction function (EC av-corr , EC ah-corr ) for measurements conducted at some height above the ground: ECah−corr=ECah × 1(4×(−h2)+1)0.5 −2×(−normalh) ECav−corr=ECav × 1(4×(−h2)+1)0.5 h: height (m) above ground where the subscript corr indicates the height (h) corrected EC a -data.For simplicity, the author assumed that the soil profile has a uniform conductivity. At heights 20 cm above the soil surface, the corrections were sufficient.…”

Section: Application Of Em38mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary field of application is soil science, followed by agriculture and water content. Additionally, in many countries the EM38 device is commercially used (New Zealand (), Denmark (), Sweden () and Norway ()) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory and Guidelines for the Application of the Geophysical Sensor EM38

Heil

Schmidhalter

2019

Sensors

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Characterization of spatial soil variability is key for a better understanding of soils. To arrive at such information geophysical techniques have been used in the last two decades. Due to its easy handling, the geophysical sensor EM38 has widely been used to characterize agricultural areas. The theoretical background and usage of the EM38 is described, and based on multifaceted applications, the interpretation of the results as well as optimized steps for using it are outlined. Common principles and models of the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and strengths and limitations of this technique (calibration and temperature effects) are described as well as additional applications, such as the magnetic susceptibility, a comparison of measurements in vertical and horizontal modes, the use of weighted depth information and the influence of measurement conditions are addressed. Further a comparison of EM38 with other proximal soil sensors and fusion with other devices is described. The study reveals that EM38 is useful because the readings can reflect many different soil parameters.

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Height above ground corrections of EM38 readings of soil apparent electrical conductivity

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment and Mapping of Soil Salinity Using the EM38 and EM38MK2 Sensors: A Focus on the Modeling Approaches

Assessment and Mapping of Soil Salinity Using the EM38 and EM38MK2 Sensors: A Focus on the Modeling Approaches

The problem with “apparent electrical conductivity” in soil electromagnetic induction studies

Theory and Guidelines for the Application of the Geophysical Sensor EM38

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