Hegemonic masculinity in outdoor education

Stigma, stereotypes, and status: How North American outdoor educators understand and experience masculinity

“…Such statements contribute to discrimination in the workplace (Coleman & Hong, 2008;Newbery, 2003), due to "othering" and gendered role expectations. Moreover, these participants' statements support the gendered hidden curriculum in outdoor adventure education Kennedy & Russell, 2020;Lugg, 2003;Mitten, 2018;Newbery, 2003Newbery, , 2004Weaver-Hightower, 2010). The idea that women are more risk-averse than men ignores that men are rewarded for successful risk-taking behaviours, while women are more harshly penalized for taking risks, particularly those that fail (Fine, 2017).…”

“…The current article attempts to address this gap in the research. The current work is timely given many researchers have asserted that the outdoor education field is gendered in many ways (e.g., Gough, 2013;Gray, 2016Gray, , 2018Mitten, 2018;Wigglesworth, 2019) and suffering from the influence of hegemonic masculinity (Blenkinsop et al, 2018;Breunig & Russell, 2020;Davies et al, 2019;Gray et al, 2020;Kennedy & Russell, 2020). Such claims are supported by recent popular media reports of sexual harassment (Joyce, 2016;Langlois, 2017) and academic accounts of gender-based harassment in the outdoors (Avery, 2015;Davies et al, 2019;Newbery, 2004).…”

“…Multiple outdoor education scholars have called for investigation into how hegemonic masculinity is maintained but also challenged in the outdoors (Blenkinsop et al, 2018;Gray, 2016;Humberstone, 2000;Kennedy & Russell, 2020;Warren, 2016). Moreover, women researchers have questioned why few, if any, male-identifying researchers have critically considered the patriarchal structures, norms, and practices of outdoor education (Mitten et al, 2018).…”

The methodology wars and outdoor and environmental education: Feminism, positivism, and causation

“…As Dillard (2000) outlined, the beating heart of feminism re-frames the research endeavour as one that liberates the marginalised and brings into question "the traditions, perspectives, viewpoints, cultural understandings, and discourse style of the researcher" (p. 663). I do not have to look far in the OEE literature to acknowledge the salience of feminism in practice (Allin & West, 2013;Bren & Prince, 2022;Gray, 2016;Haq et al, 2020;O'Brien & Allin, 2021;Wall, 2017;Warren & Rheingold, 1996) and the continued oppression, misogyny, and sexual harassment experienced by diverse groups of people in the outdoors (Davies et al, 2019;Gray et al, 2020;Kennedy & Russell, 2020;Warren et al, 2018). That said, when seeking research with an explicit feminist paradigmatic approach in OEE, the results often yield limited applications.…”

“… the thought that I could flip and die today made me feel anxious”: A study of the experienced emotions of novice white-water kayakers

“…In a gender perspective, the outdoor adventure environment is stereotypically seen as male dominated (Godtman Kling et al, 2020;Kennedy & Russell, 2020), although we see women's participation increasing (Outdoor Foundation, 2020). Literature and research into gender has also developed, looking into gender role socialization, participant rating and programme planning, together with gender differences in outdoor experience and risk taking (Neill, 1997;Warren, 2002Warren, , 2016.…”