Hedonics of Odors and Odor Descriptors

Dravnieks, Andrew; Masurat, Thomas; Lamm, Richard A.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1984.10465810

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Here, rather than moving from chemistry to perception, we went from perception to chemistry and probed a large set of physicochemical descriptors using an unbiased statistical approach. In this, we have followed in the footsteps of Schiffman (1974Schiffman ( , 1977, Amoore (1963), Dravnieks (1982Dravnieks ( , 1984Dravnieks ( , 1985, and others, that together laid the groundwork for this approach between the early 1950s to late 1970s (Amoore, 1963;Laffort and Dravnieks, 1973;Schiffman, 1974). In this respect, the contribution of the current work is in observing that the perception of pleasantness corresponded to a physicochemical axis that was the best single discriminator of molecules that have a smell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As an second test of whether perceptual PC1 reflects odor pleasantness, we compared previously published pleasantness ratings for each of the 146 perceptual descriptors used (Dravnieks et al, 1984) (note, these are pleasantness ratings associated with the descriptors, not the odorants) to the component weights on the first PC. Figure 2c shows the component weights, sorted by value for the first PC.…”

Section: Validating the Perception-based Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Odor Pleasantness from Odorant Structure: Pleasantness as a Reflection of the Physical World

Khan

Luk²,

Flinker³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

329

295

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Although it is agreed that physicochemical features of molecules determine their perceived odor, the rules governing this relationship remain unknown. A significant obstacle to such understanding is the high dimensionality of features describing both percepts and molecules. We applied a statistical method to reduce dimensionality in both odor percepts and physicochemical descriptors for a large set of molecules. We found that the primary axis of perception was odor pleasantness, and critically, that the primary axis of physicochemical properties reflected the primary axis of olfactory perception. This allowed us to predict the pleasantness of novel molecules by their physicochemical properties alone. Olfactory perception is strongly shaped by experience and learning. However, our findings suggest that olfactory pleasantness is also partially innate, corresponding to a natural axis of maximal discriminability among biologically relevant molecules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Validating the Perception-based Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Odor Pleasantness from Odorant Structure: Pleasantness as a Reflection of the Physical World

Khan

Luk²,

Flinker³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

329

295

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…a HT D84 : hedonic tones from Dravnieks et al (1984); HT D85 : hedonic tones calculated by applying PCA to the Atlas of Dravnieks (1985). …”

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confidence: 99%

“…pleasant vs. unpleasant character) often shows up when a wide range of odors is assessed (for review, see Zarzo, 2011). In order to study if pleasantness (valence) is a salient dimension of the olfactory databases studied here, I checked the correlation of loadings with hedonic tones (HT) of descriptors obtained by Dravnieks et al (1984), which will be called HT D84 . These authors asked a panel of about 120 individuals to rate the HT of 146 odor descriptors on a numeric scale ranging from -4 for the most unpleasant to +4 for the most pleasant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Underlying dimensions in the descriptive space of perfumery odors: Part II

Zarzo

2015

Food Quality and Preference

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Some comprehensive compilations of odor character descriptions are available in the literature, and they contain valuable information to better understand the underlying dimensions of human odor psychophysics. In the present study, principal component analysis was applied to two olfactory databases of perfumery materials publicly available, which are comprised by those odor descriptors most frequently used in perfumery. The projection of descriptors over the two principal axes (two-component solution) led to related plots, which are also similar to the one obtained in a previous study (Zarzo, 2008) [ Zarzo, M. (2008). Relevant psychological dimensions in the perceptual space of perfumery odors. Food Qual. Pref. 19,[315][316][317][318][319][320][321][322]. Although the descriptive space of odors is highly multidimensional, our results suggest that it is possible to reach a consensus about how to project perfumery scents on a two-dimensional map, and how to interpret the dimensions of that sensory map. One of them discriminates light vs. heavy odors; the orthogonal axis was correlated with hedonic tones, but it is better interpreted as an underlying latent structure that distinguishes feminine vs. masculine cosmetic scents. KEYWORDSFragrance, sensory map, olfactory database, odor character descriptor

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“…Mecamylamine (0.225 mg, volume: 0.3 ml) or saline (volume: 0.3 ml) was applied locally to the nasal cavity by means of a nasal spray. Following each stimulation with the test substances, we registered olfactory ('odorous' sensation) and trigeminal intensity estimates ('burning' sensation) via computer monitor and assessed verbal descriptors by means of Dravnieks's (odor quality Dravnieks et al, 1984) and McGill's (pain quality Stein and Mendl, 1988) questionnaires. At the end of experiment-1, we determined detection and trigeminal thresholds in a second threshold testing session in order to assess the effect of mecamylamine vs placebo.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Mecamylamine on Trigeminal and Olfactory Chemoreception of Nicotine

Thuerauf

Markovic

Braun

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Nicotine presented to the nasal cavity at low concentrations evokes 'odorous' sensations, and at higher concentrations 'burning' and 'stinging' sensations. A study in smokers and nonsmokers provided evidence of a relationship between the experience with the pharmacological action of S-(À)-nicotine and the perceived pleasantness/unpleasantness following nasal stimulation with S-(À)-nicotine. Mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor-(nAch-R) antagonist, was able to block painful responses following chemical stimulation of the human tongue and to block responses from the rat's ethmoidal nerve. The aim of our study in humans was to investigate the effects of mecamylamine on the olfactory and the trigeminal chemoreception of nicotine enantiomers. In order to achieve this aim, we determinedFbefore and after mecamylamineF(1) detection thresholds, trigeminal thresholds, and intensity estimates (stimulus intensity) and (2) recorded the negative mucosal potential (NMP) following nasal stimulation with nicotine in a placebo-controlled double blind study (n ¼ 15). CO 2 was used as a trigeminal and H 2 S as an olfactory control stimulus. Mecamylamine significantly increased trigeminal thresholds of S-(À)-nicotine and reduced intensity estimates and NMPs following stimulation with nicotine enantiomers, whereas mecamylamine did not influence NMPs and trigeminal intensity estimates following stimulation with CO 2 . In contrast, mecamylamine did neither influence detection thresholds nor olfactory intensity estimates following stimulation with olfactory nicotine concentrations. These results demonstrate that the trigeminal nasal chemoreception of nicotine enantiomers, in contrast to CO 2 , is mediated by nAch-Receptors and give evidence that the olfactory chemoreception of nicotine is independent from peripheral nAchReceptors.

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Hedonics of Odors and Odor Descriptors

Cited by 57 publications

References 1 publication

Predicting Odor Pleasantness from Odorant Structure: Pleasantness as a Reflection of the Physical World

Predicting Odor Pleasantness from Odorant Structure: Pleasantness as a Reflection of the Physical World

Underlying dimensions in the descriptive space of perfumery odors: Part II

The Influence of Mecamylamine on Trigeminal and Olfactory Chemoreception of Nicotine

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