2015
DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04575d
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Heavy water: a simple solution to increasing the brightness of fluorescent proteins in super-resolution imaging

Abstract: Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PA-FPs) are widely used in live single-molecule super-resolution imaging but emit substantially fewer photons than organic dyes do. Here, we show that in heavy water (D2O) instead of H2O, common PA-FPs emit 26 %–54 % more photons, effectively improving the localization precision in super-resolution imaging.

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Cited by 27 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Our approach has focused mainly on creating the sharpest PSF and detecting as much of the emitted fluorescence light as possible. Recently, there have been promising developments that increase the number of emitted photons per molecule ( Klehs et al., 2014 , Ong et al., 2015 , Vaughan et al., 2012 ), which we have not exploited here. Unfortunately, these advances have so far come at the expense of an increase in recording time.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our approach has focused mainly on creating the sharpest PSF and detecting as much of the emitted fluorescence light as possible. Recently, there have been promising developments that increase the number of emitted photons per molecule ( Klehs et al., 2014 , Ong et al., 2015 , Vaughan et al., 2012 ), which we have not exploited here. Unfortunately, these advances have so far come at the expense of an increase in recording time.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although much is known about externally modifying the photophysical properties of organic dye molecules for single-molecule imaging 30 , 31 , 48 , 49 , there are currently few ways of altering those of PM FPs, almost certainly due to the relative inaccessibility of the chromophore in the interior of the β-barrel of the protein 50 , 51 . Since most PM fluorophores are currently still fluorescent proteins, our approach offers a way to positively modify them while preserving their specific properties of photo-activation/conversion.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For single-color superresolution imaging, samples were mounted in a D 2 O-based imaging buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8 in 95% D 2 O) to improve brightness ( Ong et al., 2015 ). After selection of a region of interest, the back focal plane was imaged to ensure that the immersion oil contained no air bubbles.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%