Heavy Truck Splash and Spray Suppression: Near and Long Term Solutions

Clarke, R M

doi:10.4271/831178

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Car equivalents are calculated through the multiplication by a factor of 6 of vehicles whose length is between 580 and 1,250 cm, and by a factor of 8 for those vehicles that are longer than 1,250 cm. The reason to use a car equivalent instead of just the number of vehicles is that longer vehicles (with their larger number of wheels) do more to force salt off the road than do four-wheeled cars (20). The true difference between vehicle types in this regard is not established in this paper, but Marchetti et al suggested that the fraction for a truck was at least 10 times the one for a car (21).…”

Section: Materials Methods and Data Empirical Model To Calculate Residual Saltmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Prediction of Salt on Road Surface

Blomqvist

Gustafsson

Eram³

et al. 2011

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The competing goals of safety, accessibility, and environmental protection, together with limited funding, increase the need for cost-effective use of resources in the pursuit of winter maintenance activities. One way to minimize the amount of salt used in winter maintenance is to predict better the amount of residual salt on a road surface. This paper combines an empirical model developed in Sweden with data on residual salt, road surface wetness, and traffic from 18 Danish field case studies. The resulting model is presented as a mathematical function and in a graph. Decision makers might use such a model as a tool for understanding the durability of a dose of salt under various conditions (e.g., traffic, road surface wetness) and therefore minimize the amount of salt needed. The results of this study showed that the decay of residual salt could be modeled with traffic as an independent variable with a fair to quite good fit. Road surface wetness, as shown from the wheel tracks, related positively to the rate of residual salt loss. The wetter the surface, the faster the salt left the wheel tracks. On a wet road surface, the salt in the wheel tracks was almost gone after only a couple of hundred vehicles had traveled across the surface, whereas on a moist road surface, it would take a couple of thousand vehicles to reach the same result.

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Section: Materials Methods and Data Empirical Model To Calculate Residual Saltmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…• Traffic characteristics, such as vehicle types, share of heavy vehicles (20,21), and speed (29), influence the rate at which salt leaves the wheel tracks.…”

Section: Winter Maintenance Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Salt on Road Surface

Blomqvist

Gustafsson

Eram³

et al. 2011

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…During the 1960s concerns over the impact of the road spray generated by commercial vehicles on visibility for both the driver and other road users gained increasing attention [3,4,5,6,7]. During one such investigation Maycock [8] noted that:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Rear Surface Contamination Using Simulation of Road Spray and Aerodynamics

Gaylard

Pitman

Jilesen³

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst.

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Contamination of vehicle rear surfaces is a significant issue for customers. Along with being unsightly, it can degrade the performance of rear camera systems and lighting, prematurely wear rear screens and wipers, and transfer soil to customers moving goods through the rear tailgate. Countermeasures, such as rear camera wash or automated deployment add expense and complexity for OEMs. This paper presents a rear surface contamination model for a fully detailed SUV based on the use of a highly-resolved time-accurate aerodynamic simulation realised through the use of a commercial Lattice-Boltzmann solver, combined with Lagrangian Particle Tracking to simulate droplet advection and surface water dynamics via a thin film model. Droplet break-up due to aerodynamic shear is included, along with splash and stripping from the surface film. The effect of two-way momentum coupling is included in a sub-set of simulations.The simulations are qualitatively validated in terms of surface contamination distribution against full scale (climatic) wind tunnel experiments using a UV fluorescent dye in water introduced onto dynamometer rollers.Three different contamination source configurations are examined: front tyres only, rear tyres only and all four tyres. The simulation is seen to recover the experimental rear surface contamination distribution, along with the trend in differences between these cases.The rear tyres are seen to be the dominant source, with front wheel spray and front wheel rotation only making small relative contributions.Two-way momentum coupling is seen to influence the rear surface contamination distribution.

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“…18,[38][39][40][41][42] This technique was carried into car development, as can be seen in the early studies by Maycock 17 and Goetz and Schoch. 43 In these studies, instrumentation was also attached to moving vehicles to obtain quantitative measurements.…”

Section: Test Tracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface contamination of cars: A review

Gaylard

Kirwan

Lockerby

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This review surveys the problem of surface contamination of cars, which poses a growing engineering challenge to vehicle manufacturers, operators and users. Both the vision of drivers and the visibility of vehicles need to be maintained under a wide range of environmental conditions. This requires managing the flow of surface water on windscreens and side glazing. The rate of deposition of solid contaminants on glazing, lights, licence plates and external mirrors also needs to be minimised. Maintaining vehicle aesthetics and limiting the transfer of contaminants to the hands and clothes of users from soiled surfaces are also significant issues. Recently, keeping camera lenses clean has emerged as a key concern, as these systems transition from occasional manoeuvring aids to sensors for safety systems. The deposition of water and solid contaminants on to car surfaces is strongly influenced by unsteady vehicle aerodynamic effects. Airborne water droplets falling as rain or lifted as spray by tyres interact with wakes, vortices and shear flows and accumulate on vehicle surfaces as a consequence. The same aerodynamic effects also control the movement of surface water droplets, rivulets and films; hence, particular attention is paid to the management of surface water over the front side glass and the deposition of contaminants on the rear surfaces. The test methods used in the automotive industry are reviewed, as are the numerical simulation techniques.

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Heavy Truck Splash and Spray Suppression: Near and Long Term Solutions

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Prediction of Salt on Road Surface

Prediction of Salt on Road Surface

Insights into Rear Surface Contamination Using Simulation of Road Spray and Aerodynamics

Surface contamination of cars: A review

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