Heavy-quark diffusion in the quark–gluon plasma

He, Min; Hees, Hendrik van; Rapp, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104020

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…For better readability we quote the central value of the interval with the distance to the bounds as the uncertainty. We obtain κðT ¼195MeVÞ¼11.0ð2.5ÞT 3 , κðT ¼220MeVÞ¼ 8.4ð2.4ÞT 3 , κðT ¼ 251 MeVÞ ¼ 6.9ð2.2ÞT 3 , and κðT ¼ 293 MeVÞ ¼ 5.8ð2.0ÞT 3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These heavyflavor hadrons provide valuable insights into the QGP. Experiments at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider (LHC) show that the yields of heavy flavor hadrons at low transverse momentum (p T ) are asymmetric along the azimuthal angle, meaning that the elliptic flow parameter (v 2 ) is large [1][2][3]. These observations indicate that heavy quarks participate in the hydrodynamic expansion of the QGP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We show the results for two different amounts of gradient flow, adjusted for each separation τ by fixing ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 8τ F p =τ. In addition, we show the results from the coarsest lattices (64 3 ) as open symbols. We see that gradient flow is effective in reducing UV noise even for the largest lattice with N τ ¼ 36.…”

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confidence: 99%

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“…The transformed (primed) and original (unprimed) coefficients in the decomposition (9) are related as follows:…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Frames and On-shell Equivalencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conservation of a matter current captures the essential physics of a diffusion process [8]. The relevance of finite baryon density in the formation of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) during heavy-ion collisions, as well as the diffusion of heavy quarks in this medium [9], provides experimental reasons for investigating diffusion processes in the context of relativistic hydrodynamics. Traditionally, diffusion has been modeled through a constitutive phenomenological relation for the current density, specifically by considering the diffusive current as proportional to the concentration gradient, as stipulated by Fick's first law [10], and incorporating this information into a continuity equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third-order relativistic fluid dynamics at finite density in a general hydrodynamic frame

Diles,

Miranda,

Mamani

et al. 2024

Eur. Phys. J. C

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The motion of water is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, which are complemented by the continuity equation to ensure local mass conservation. In this work, we construct the relativistic generalization of these equations through a gradient expansion for a fluid with a conserved charge in a curved d-dimensional spacetime. We adopt a general hydrodynamic frame and introduce the irreducible-structure (IS) algorithm, which is based on derivatives of the expansion scalar and the shear and vorticity tensors. By this method, we systematically generate all permissible gradients up to a specified order and derive the most comprehensive constitutive relations for a charged fluid, accurate to third-order in the gradient expansion. These constitutive relations are formulated to apply to ordinary (nonconformal) and conformally invariant charged fluids. Furthermore, we examine the frame dependence of the transport coefficients for a nonconformal charged fluid up to the third order in the gradient expansion. The frame dependence of the scalar, vector, and tensor parts of the constitutive relations is obtained in terms of the (field redefinitions of the) fundamental hydrodynamic variables. Managing the frame dependencies of the constitutive relations is challenging due to their non-linear character. However, in the linear regime, the higher-order transformations become tractable, enabling the identification of a set of frame-invariant coefficients. Subsequently, the equations obtained in the linear regime are solved in momentum space, yielding dispersion relations for shear, sound, and diffusive modes for a non-conformal charged fluid, expressed in terms of a set of frame-invariant transport coefficients.

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Prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

Acharya,

Adamová,

Aglieri Rinella

et al. 2024

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The transverse momentum (pT) and centrality dependence of the nuclear modification factor RAA of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ, the latter originating from the weak decays of beauty hadrons, have been measured by the ALICE collaboration in Pb–Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ s NN = 5.02 TeV. The measurements are carried out through the e+e− decay channel at midrapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the transverse momentum region 1.5 < pT < 10 GeV/c. Both prompt and non-prompt J/ψ measurements indicate a significant suppression for pT > 5 GeV/c, which becomes stronger with increasing collision centrality. The results are consistent with similar LHC measurements in the overlapping pT intervals, and cover the kinematic region down to pT = 1.5 GeV/c at midrapidity, not accessible by other LHC experiments. The suppression of prompt J/ψ in central and semicentral collisions exhibits a decreasing trend towards lower transverse momentum, described within uncertainties by models implementing J/ψ production from recombination of c and $$ \overline{\textrm{c}} $$ c ¯ quarks produced independently in different partonic scatterings. At high transverse momentum, transport models including quarkonium dissociation are able to describe the suppression for prompt J/ψ. For non-prompt J/ψ, the suppression predicted by models including both collisional and radiative processes for the computation of the beauty-quark energy loss inside the quark-gluon plasma is consistent with measurements within uncertainties.

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Heavy-quark diffusion in the quark–gluon plasma

Cited by 33 publications

References 178 publications

Independent Validation of a Unifying Prognostic Model for Intracranial and Extracranial Metastasis-directed Radiotherapy

Independent Validation of a Unifying Prognostic Model for Intracranial and Extracranial Metastasis-directed Radiotherapy

Third-order relativistic fluid dynamics at finite density in a general hydrodynamic frame

Prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

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