Heavy Metals Level, Health Risk Assessment Associated with Contamination of Black Tea; A Case Study from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan

Idrees, Muhammad; Jan, Fazal Akbar; Hussain, Shah; Salam, Abdul

doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02059-1

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Chemical fertilizers containing heavy metals and pesticide use along with industrial activities have been found to cause enrichment of soil in tea gardens with heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, Mn, and Cu. The authors of [34] suggested the detection of changes in heavy metal contents in tea in relation to the country of origin and the study of any possible observable patterns. To do so, we subjected our data to Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), which created a linear combination of characteristics in order to separate two or more classes of observations.…”

Section: Changes In Heavy Metal Content In Relation To Fermentation Process and Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Changes in Total Antioxidant Capacity, the Content of Polyphenols, Caffeine, and Heavy Metals of Teas in Relation to Their Origin and Fermentation

Bobková

Demianová

Belej

et al. 2021

Foods

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Tea (Camellia sinensis) is widely sought for beverages worldwide. Heavy metals are often the main aims of the survey of teas, given that the use of agricultural fertilization is very frequent. Some of these may affect the content of bioactive compounds. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed fermented and non-fermented teas of a single plant origin from Japan, Nepal, Korea, and China, and described mutual correlations and changes in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the content of polyphenols (TPC), caffeine, and heavy metals in tea leaves, in relation to the origin and fermentation process. Using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD, we determined variations in bioactive compounds’ content in relation to the fermentation process and origin and observed negative correlations between TAC and TPC. Heavy metal content followed this order: Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cr > Pb > Co > Cd > Hg. Given the homogenous content of these elements in relation to fermentation, this paper also describes the possibility of using heavy metals as determinants of geographical origin. Linear Discriminant Analysis showed an accuracy of 75% for Ni, Co, Cd, Hg, and Pb, explaining 95.19% of the variability between geographical regions.

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Section: Changes In Heavy Metal Content In Relation To Fermentation Process and Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Changes in Total Antioxidant Capacity, the Content of Polyphenols, Caffeine, and Heavy Metals of Teas in Relation to Their Origin and Fermentation

Bobková

Demianová

Belej

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…The high potentiality of a tea beverage as a good antioxidant source (mediated mainly by polyphenols) jointly to the daily consumption worldwide suggests a more in-depth study on the risk of contamination by heavy metal absorbed by the plant via external environment (connected to farming habits and/or environmental pollution) [ 13 , 14 ]. These elements are important indicators for testing tea quality, as they can be transferred into tea infusions, then they can be assimilated by the human body through tea consumption, thus representing in potential risks to human health [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Polyphenols and Metals in Chinese Tea Infusions by Mass Spectrometry

Pinto

Illiano

Carpentieri

et al. 2020

Foods

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Chemical compounds within tea (Camellia sinensis) are characterized by an extensive heterogeneity; some of them are crucial for their protective and defensive role in plants, and are closely connected to the benefits that the consumption of tea can provide. This paper is mainly focused on the characterization of polyphenols (secondary metabolites generally involved in defense against ultraviolet radiation and aggression by pathogens) and metals, extracted from nine Chinese tea samples, by integrating different mass spectrometry methodologies, LC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our approach allowed to identify and compare forty polyphenols differently distributed in tea infusions at various fermentation levels. The exploration of polyphenols with nutraceutical potential in tea infusions can widely benefit especially tea-oriented populations. The worldwide consumption of tea requires at the same time a careful monitoring of metals released during the infusion of tea leaves. Metal analysis can provide the identification of many healthy minerals such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, differently affected by the fermentation of leaves. Our results allowed us: (i) to draw up a polyphenols profile of tea leaves subjected to different fermentation processes; (ii) to identify and quantify metals released from tea leaves during infusion. In this way, we obtained a molecular fingerprint useful for both nutraceutical applications and food control/typization, as well as for frauds detection and counterfeiting.

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“…Chicken meat is necessary to ful ll the basic need of the human food. Poultry industry contribute 9.48% of the total livestock in Pakistan's whereas the meat of the broiler chicken contributes 19% of the entire meat production in Pakistan [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arsenic in chicken meat need to be monitored because of its toxicity to humans. Fodder used for chicken is considered as the entrance source of As to chicken meat and nally to humans [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of total Arsenic (As) in Feed and Meat of the Chicken. A case study from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan

Idrees

Hussain

2022

Preprint

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Arsenic concentration was evaluated in different parts of the chicken and ingredients of the feed used for the chicken feed. Arsenic was found in different feed ingredients and parts of the chicken though variations were found in the concentration of arsenic in meat and feed samples. Chicken stomach and liver were the major parts of the samples where higher arsenic concentrations were determined. Arsenic concentration in feed ingredients and meat samples ranged from 0.00-0.013 mg/Kg and 0-0.1566 mg/Kg respectively. Arsenic concentration in N long thigh, N liver, N stomach and C breast were found higher than WHO/FAO permissible limit of 0.1 mg/Kg while in other samples it was found within the limits of WHO/FAO. Estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer target risk (CTR) were used to assess the risk of arsenic for chicken users in KPK, Pakistan. EDI was found between 0.0562–0.224 mg/Kg. THQ were found lower than 1. Considering the presence of arsenic in feed ingredients and meat samples the present study is very useful and provide fruitful information for the users of chicken meat in KPK Pakistan.

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Heavy Metals Level, Health Risk Assessment Associated with Contamination of Black Tea; A Case Study from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Detection of Changes in Total Antioxidant Capacity, the Content of Polyphenols, Caffeine, and Heavy Metals of Teas in Relation to Their Origin and Fermentation

Detection of Changes in Total Antioxidant Capacity, the Content of Polyphenols, Caffeine, and Heavy Metals of Teas in Relation to Their Origin and Fermentation

Quantification of Polyphenols and Metals in Chinese Tea Infusions by Mass Spectrometry

Determination of total Arsenic (As) in Feed and Meat of the Chicken. A case study from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan

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