Heavy metals in water and surface sediments of the Fenghe River Basin, China: assessment and source analysis

Luo, Pingping; Xu, Chengyi; Kang, Shuxin; Huo, Aidi; Lyu, Jing; Zhou, Meimei; Nover, Daniel

doi:10.2166/wst.2021.335

Cited by 78 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Monitoring vegetation changes and their driving factors has become a hot and difficult topic in current research [6][7][8]. Since the beginning of the 21st century, rapid development of remote sensing technology [9] has allowed it to be used in many fields such as meteorological monitoring, soil reproduction, and urban research [10,11]. In addition, remote sensing images are widely used to monitor changes in vegetation coverage [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities on NDVI Changes in China

et al. 2021

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The spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation and its influencing factors can be used to explore the relationships among vegetation, climate change, and human activities, which are of great importance for guiding scientific management of regional ecological environments. In recent years, remote sensing technology has been widely used in dynamic monitoring of vegetation. In this study, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from 1998 to 2017 were used to study the spatiotemporal variation of NDVI in China. The influences of climate change and human activities on NDVI variation were investigated based on the Mann–Kendall test, correlation analysis, and other methods. The results show that the growth rate of NDVI in China was 0.003 year−1. Regions with improved and degraded vegetation accounted for 71.02% and 22.97% of the national territorial area, respectively. The SPEI decreased in 60.08% of the area and exhibited an insignificant drought trend overall. Human activities affected the vegetation cover in the directions of both destruction and restoration. As the elevation and slope increased, the correlation between NDVI and SPEI gradually increased, whereas the impact of human activities on vegetation decreased. Further studies should focus on vegetation changes in the Continental Basin, Southwest Rivers, and Liaohe River Basin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities on NDVI Changes in China

et al. 2021

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“…These features render GLOFs by far the most dangerous form of flooding (Worni et al, 2014). In the Himalayan region, past GLOF events have caused huge damage to life and property in downstream settlements (Bajracharya et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2015;Gurung et al, 2017;Luo et al, 2021). In the Bhutan Himalaya, the GLOF from Lugge Tsho in July 1994 was the most devastating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial Lake Area Change and Potential Outburst Flood Hazard Assessment in the Bhutan Himalaya

2021

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Against the background of climate change-induced glacier melting, numerous glacial lakes are formed across high mountain areas worldwide. Existing glacial lake inventories, chiefly created using Landsat satellite imagery, mainly relate to 1990 onwards and relatively long (decadal) temporal scales. Moreover, there is a lack of robust information on the expansion and the GLOF hazard status of glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya. We mapped Bhutanese glacial lakes from the 1960s to 2020, and used these data to determine their distribution patterns, expansion behavior, and GLOF hazard status. 2,187 glacial lakes (corresponding to 130.19 ± 2.09 km2) were mapped from high spatial resolution (1.82–7.62 m), Corona KH-4 images from the 1960s. Using the Sentinel-2 (10 m) and Sentinel-1 (20 m × 22 m), we mapped 2,553 (151.81 ± 7.76 km2), 2,566 (152.64 ± 7.83 km2), 2,572 (153.94 ± 7.83 km2), 2,569 (153.97 ± 7.79 km2) and 2,574 (156.63 ± 7.95 km2) glacial lakes in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The glacier-fed lakes were mainly present in the Phochu (22.63%) and the Kurichu (20.66%) basins. A total of 157 glacier-fed lakes have changed into non-glacier-fed lakes over the 60 years of lake evolution. Glacier-connected lakes (which constitutes 42.25% of the total glacier-fed lake) area growth accounted for 75.4% of the total expansion, reaffirming the dominant role of glacier-melt water in expanding glacial lakes. Between 2016 and 2020, 19 (4.82 km2) new glacial lakes were formed with an average annual expansion rate of 0.96 km2 per year. We identified 31 lakes with a very-high and 34 with high GLOF hazard levels. These very-high to high GLOF hazard lakes were primarily located in the Phochu, Kurichu, Drangmechu, and Mochu basins. We concluded that the increasing glacier melt is the main driver of glacial lake expansion. Our results imply that extending glacial lakes studies back to the 1960s provides new insights on glacial lake evolution from glacier-fed lakes to non-glacier-fed lakes. Additionally, we reaffirmed the capacity of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data to determine annual glacial lake changes. The results from this study can be a valuable basis for future glacial lake monitoring and prioritizing limited resources for GLOF mitigation programs.

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“…It was abundant in soluble mineral salts, including gypsum (CaSO 4 •2H 2 O), Glauber salt (Na 2 SO 4 •10H 2 O), magnesite (MgCO 3 ), and halite (NaCl). When the water-rock reaction occurs, the primary correlated reactions are as follows [50][51][52][53]:…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Assessment of Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Inferior Quality Water in Kashi Delta

Qu¹,

Su²,

Jiao³

et al. 2021

Water

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Hydrochemistry is a critical indicator of water quality. We analysed 146 hydrochemical parameters of groundwater and the hydrogeological background of the Kashi region in China, examined their spatial distributions, and elucidated the mechanisms of their occurrence. We used graphical and multivariate statistical methods to distinguish between high- and poor-quality water. In the Kizil-Cakmak River Basin of the northern Kashi region, the primary cations were Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the primary anion was SO42−; their concentrations were four times higher than the Class III water quality standard. Additionally, the salinity was high. In contrast, in the upstream and midstream parts of the Gez-Kushan River Basin in the southern Kashi region, the primary ions were HCO3− and SO42−, and the salinity was low. Downstream of the Gez-Kushan River Basin, the primary ion was Cl−, and the salinity was low. There was a wide-ranging spatial variability in the SO42−, Cl−, and Ca2+ contents throughout the study area. The present findings can be applied to locate suitable domestic, agricultural, and industrial water sources in the Kashi region and can provide theoretical guidance for the scientific development and management of groundwater in this region.

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Heavy metals in water and surface sediments of the Fenghe River Basin, China: assessment and source analysis

Cited by 78 publications

References 65 publications

Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities on NDVI Changes in China

Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities on NDVI Changes in China

Glacial Lake Area Change and Potential Outburst Flood Hazard Assessment in the Bhutan Himalaya

Spatial Assessment of Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Inferior Quality Water in Kashi Delta

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