Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy

Manta, Daniela Salvagio; Angelone, Massimo; Bellanca, Adriana; Neri, Rodolfo; Sprovieri, Mario

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00273-5

Cited by 879 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Especially for Hg and Cd, the coefficients of variation (CV %) were over 40 %, indicating contamination that was probably caused by anthropogenic sources (Chouba and Mzoughi 2013). High concentrations (i.e., above background levels) coupled with a high CV % suggest anthropogenic inputs of metal elements (Manta et al 2002). The heavy metal of this study compared to the findings of other rivers, wetlands, and lakes Spatial distribution of heavy metals and metalloid in sediments…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Speciation and ecological risk of heavy metals and metalloid in the sediments of Zhalong Wetland in China

Zang

Xiao

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A total of 271 sediments samples from the Zhalong Wetland were analyzed for concentration and distribution of Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Zn; their speciation according to the modified European Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction procedures and their ecological risk based on Lars Hakanson's potential ecological risk assessment and risk assessment code were made. The results can be summarized as the followings: (1) Concentrations of all metals measured were above soil background values of Songnen Plain, and their spatial distributions were distinctly different. The concentrations of metals (except Pb) were high in the east, followed by the north, and were relatively low in the core zone and south. The concentration of Pb was high in the north, south, and west, compared with low concentration in the core zone and east. (2) The dominant proportion of Pb, Zn, and Cr was in the residual fraction, suggesting that they were environmental stable. The concentrations of Cu and As in the reducible fraction, the concentration of Cd in the acidsoluble fraction, and the concentration of Hg in the oxidizable fraction were relatively high, indicating they had greater environmental effects. (3) The evaluation of the ecological risk showed that Cd, Hg, and As had relatively high ecological risk index, especially the ecological risk of Cd should be paid attention to. In general, the ecological risk of the heavy metals and metalloid by zone was experimental zone [ buffering zone [ ecological tourism zone [ core zone.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Speciation and ecological risk of heavy metals and metalloid in the sediments of Zhalong Wetland in China

Zang

Xiao

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied to discriminate be-tween natural and anthropogenic sources of contaminants in urban environments (e.g. Manta et al 2002;Pathak et al 2015;Wiseman et al 2015). It is also possible to conceptualise key sources of heavy metals through the grouping of trace elements as geochemical signatures and in mapping factor scores geospatially (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal contamination of bed sediments in the Irwell and Upper Mersey catchments, northwest England: exploring the legacy of industry and urban growth

2017

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Purpose Manchester is often heralded as the first industrial city. Large volumes of physical and liquid contaminants were released into its river network throughout the industrial period up to the latter part of the twentieth century. Water quality has improved dramatically in recent decades, but, given their environmental significance, it is important to ascertain the extent to which a legacy of contamination persists in the modern bed sediments. Materials and methods Fine-grained bed sediments were sampled at 40 sites in the Mersey and Irwell catchments. Sediments were wet sieved to isolate the <63-μm grain size fraction. Metal concentrations were determined using XRF. Particle size characteristics were also measured. Sediments were subjected to a five-step sequential extraction procedure to ascertain the environmental significance of metal concentrations. Alongside archival research of past industry, enrichment factors, multivariate statistical techniques and conditional inferences trees were used to identify sources of heavy metals. Results and discussion Bed sediment-associated heavy metal(-loid) concentrations were as follows: As (9.89-110 mg kg −1 ), Cr (76.5-413 mg kg −1 ), Cu (53.1-383 mg kg −1 ), Pb (80.4-442 mg kg −1 ) and Zn (282-1020 mg kg −1 ). Enrichment factors ranged from moderate to extremely severe, with Pb showing the greatest enrichment across the catchments. Chemical mobility was generally low, but metal(loid) partitioning identified the influence of anthropogenic sources. Statistical analysis highlighted a number of point sources associated with former industrial sites that operated during the industrial period. Conditional inference trees highlighted the role of the textile industry on Cu concentrations in addition to indicating the complexity of sources, fluxes and stores of sediment-associated contamination throughout the system. Conclusions Fine-grained sediment-associated metal(loid)s in the Mersey and Irwell catchments are anthropogenically enriched. Concentrations also exceed sediment quality guidelines. A lack of distinct spatial patterning points to a complex network of contaminant inputs across the catchments, even in the headwaters. Whilst potential modern urban sources are likely to be important, spatial patterns and multivariate/data mining techniques also highlighted the importance of releases from former industrial sites as well as the reworking of historically contaminated floodplains and soils.

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“…Only one observation of Pb and one of Cu exceeded these limits. The mean values of all four metals were less than those reported in other peri-urban areas in towns with longer industrial histories (Kelly et al 1996;Frangi and Richard 1997;Manta et al 2002;Imperato et al 2003). The contamination in Madrid has occurred relatively recently and therefore, the enrichment in metals of the soil is more similar to that found in towns of developing countries with more recent industrialization (Hu et al 2006;Yang et al 2009;Xia et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The concentrations of all are generally largest in the northwest of the region. This result is likely to be caused by the fallout of airborne particles originating in urban Madrid further to the northwest and from road traffic on the highways across this part of the region (de Miguel et al 1999;Manta et al 2002;Li et al 2004). The concentrations of all four elements appear to decrease with increases in stoniness and erosion, and to be largest in the fine sediments on the valley floors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial variation of trace elements in the peri-urban soil of Madrid

Cueva¹,

Marchant

Quintana³

et al. 2013

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose The peri-urban region to the south east of Madrid contains a mixture of housing, manufacturing industry and farming, some of which disperse metals, in particular cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, into the soil. We have mapped the concentrations of these elements and identified the major influences on their distributions. Material and methods We sampled the topsoil at 125 sites across 1,050 km 2 of peri-urban land to the south east of the city on two grids, one nested inside the other. At each site, we measured the current contents of the four trace elements in the soil. We used robust geostatistical methods to model the complex spatial distributions of the data as mixtures of fixed and random effects. The empirical best linear unbiased predictor was used to map the elements. Site descriptors (lithology, land cover, cultivation, relief, erosion, and stoniness) were then included as covariates to identify significant effects on trace element concentrations. Results and discussion The complex spatial distributions of the elements seem to arise from several sources. The concentrations generally increase from southeast to northwest, i.e., with increasing proximity to Madrid itself, the main potential source of pollution. This pattern is clear for lead and similar for copper and zinc, though with "hot spots" at or near industrial sites. The spatial pattern of cadmium is more complex and depends on varied lithology, industry, and land use such as irrigation and cultivation. In general, the concentrations of the four elements appear to decrease with increases in stoniness and erosion, and to be largest on the valley floors. Conclusions Robust geostatistical methods enabled us to analyze and map the complex patterns of spatial variation of trace elements in a peri-urban region of Madrid. They show that distance to the city center, lithology, manufacturing industry, and cultivation all play their parts in loading the soil with lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium. In the event, none of the metals has yet exceeded the legislative thresholds, but some concentrations are already substantially greater than would arise from natural sources, especially closest to Madrid itself.

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Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy

Cited by 879 publications

References 29 publications

Speciation and ecological risk of heavy metals and metalloid in the sediments of Zhalong Wetland in China

Speciation and ecological risk of heavy metals and metalloid in the sediments of Zhalong Wetland in China

Metal contamination of bed sediments in the Irwell and Upper Mersey catchments, northwest England: exploring the legacy of industry and urban growth

Spatial variation of trace elements in the peri-urban soil of Madrid

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