Heavy metals in sediments from the Athens sewage outfall area

Papakostidis, G.; Grimanis, A.P.; Zafiropoulos, D.; Griggs, Gary B.; Hopkins, Thomas S.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(75)90170-8

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This could be related to the presence of a considerable benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) in these two shallower areas as reported by Krasakopoulou and Karageorgis (2005) and Evangeliou et al (2011) due to sediment resuspension taking place throughout the year. In addition, the sediments of these areas have been severely polluted in the past and extremely high metal content has been reported (Papakostidis et al, 1975;Voutsinou-Taliadouri, 1981;Scoullos, 1981;Angelidis and Grimanis, 1989;Grimanis et al, 1994). Until 1995 the discharges of the untreated combined (storm and wastewater) wastes of Athens were introduced in the ISG while there was lack of any pollution control measures for the industries of the Elefsis area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Trace metal variability, background levels and pollution status assessment in line with the water framework and Marine Strategy Framework EU Directives in the waters of a heavily impacted Mediterranean Gulf

Paraskevopoulou

Zeri

Kaberi

et al. 2014

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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mentioning

confidence: 96%

Trace metal variability, background levels and pollution status assessment in line with the water framework and Marine Strategy Framework EU Directives in the waters of a heavily impacted Mediterranean Gulf

Paraskevopoulou

Zeri

Kaberi

et al. 2014

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…According to Filella et al (2002), Sb background concentrations in sediments and soils are on the order of 0.2-10 mg/kg. Higher concentrations are directly related to anthropogenic sources, mainly smelting plants (Crecelius et al, 1974;Papakostidis et al, 1975;Grimanis et al, 1977;Ragaini et al, 1977;Ainsworth et al, 1990;Asami et al, 1992;Li and Thornton, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural attenuation of antimony in mine drainage water

et al. 2007

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In this study, we investigated the natural attenuation of antimony (Sb) in the drainage water of an abandoned mine. Drainage water, waste rocks, and ocherous precipitates collected from the mine were investigated in terms of their mineralogy and chemistry. The chemistry of the drainage water was analyzed by measuring pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and electric conductivity on site as well as by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. As the drainage flowed downstream, the pH decreased rapidly from 7.05 to 3.26 and then increased slowly to 3.50. In a section where the pH increased, ocherous precipitates occur on a drainage water channel. We determined Sb levels in the drainage water, and the distribution of Sb in the mineral phases of waste rocks and precipitates was estimated by means of a sequential extraction procedure. The results of these investigations indicated that Sb, which is generated by the dissolution of stibnite (Sb 2 S 3 ) and secondary formed Sb minerals in waste rocks, was attenuated by iron-bearing ocherous precipitates, especially schwertmannite, that form over time in the drainage water. The Sb concentrations in the ocherous precipitates were up to 370 mg/kg, whereas the Sb concentrations in the drainage water downstream were below background levels (0.6 µg/L). Bulk distribution coefficients (K d ) for this Sb adsorption to the precipitates ranges up to at least 10 5 L/kg.

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“…Elevated concentrations (8-61 mg Sb kg À1 ) of Sb have been observed near smelting plants and outfalls of sewage and fertilizer facilities [38][39][40][41]. There is a report about Sbenriched sandstone from Zimbabwe containing total Sb of up to $5000 mg kg À1 [42].…”

Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Sb soil pollution originates from mining and smelting industries and from the outfalls of sewage, shooting ranges and fertilizer facilities [1,[38][39][40][41]. In the United States alone, approximately 5.5 Â 10 6 kg of Sb-associated compounds were released into the aquatic and terrestrial environments between 1993 and 1997, with more than 97 % released onto the land [50].…”

Section: Sources Of Soil Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and Antimony

Arai

2010

Trace Elements in Soils

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Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are chalcophilic metalloids that share numerous similarities in biogeochemical properties. This chapter reviews the chemical properties, environmental/geochemical reactions, phytoaccumulation and toxicology of the two elements.Arsenic belongs to Group 15 in the periodic table. The electron configuration is [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 4p 3 , and it has four major oxidation states (þ5, þ3, 0, and À3). Arsenic has multiple isotopes, and most of them have very short half-life (t ½ ) of microseconds to milliseconds. Of these, 71 As, 72 As, 73 As, 74 As and 74 As have t ½ of approximately 65 h to 80 days, and 75 As is the only stable isotope. In the soil and water environment, inorganic As is mainly present in two oxidation states (þ3 and þ5). Arsenite, As(III), commonly exists as arsenious acid, As(OH) 3 , in reduced environments. Conversely, an oxidized environment contains more arsenate, As(V), as arsenic acid (for example, HAsO 4 2À ). Antimony also belongs to Group 15 in the periodic table. The electron configuration is [Kr] 5s 2 4d 10 5p 3 , and it has four major oxidation states (þ5, þ3, 0 and À3). The most common oxidation states in low temperature environments are þ5 and þ3. Although Sb has multiple isotopes, most of them have short t ½ of <1 day. Only a few of its isotopes have t ½ of more than a few days: 122 Sb (2.7 days), 124 Sb (60.2 days), 126 Sb (12.3 days), and 127 Sb (3.85 days). Antimony has two stable isotopes, 121 Sb and 123 Sb. Antimony-125 is a fission product of 235 U, and has a half life of $2.76 years. While antimonite, Sb(III), commonly exists as antimonous acid, Trace Elements in SoilsEdited by Peter S. Hooda

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Heavy metals in sediments from the Athens sewage outfall area

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Trace metal variability, background levels and pollution status assessment in line with the water framework and Marine Strategy Framework EU Directives in the waters of a heavily impacted Mediterranean Gulf

Trace metal variability, background levels and pollution status assessment in line with the water framework and Marine Strategy Framework EU Directives in the waters of a heavily impacted Mediterranean Gulf

Natural attenuation of antimony in mine drainage water

Arsenic and Antimony

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