Heavy metals in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) from two acidified lakes in the salpausselk� esker area in Finland

Accumulation of Metals in the Tissues of Three Spined Stickelback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Natural Fresh Waters

“…In all cases (for all metals and at all sampling sites) metal levels were lowest in muscle. This is con"rmed by many other studies (e.g., Berninger and Pennanen, 1995;Kraal et al, 1995;Allen-Gil et al, 1997;De Boeck et al, 1997;De Corto Cinier et al, 1997). It is to be expected that a high contribution of water to metal uptake is re#ected by high concentrations in gills.…”

Fish as a health food – ecotoxicological viewpoint

“…show that the musculature is definitively tissue with the lowest contents of accumulated heavy metals, within the limits of Macedonian alimentary norms, while the highest concentrations of metal residuum were observed in the liver and the gonads. These results are in accordance with conclusions of many authors (Salanki et al, 1982, Stripp et al, 1990, Berningen and Pannanen, 1994) that the liver and kidneys are the target organs for the accumulation of metals in fish, which is explained with efficient regulatory mechanisms: elimination via faeces (Berningen and Pannanen, 1994), high metallothionein concentrations (which efficiently bind Cd and Pb thus serving as detoxificators) in the liver and kidneys, low affinity of SH muscle fibre groups to Pb and the fact that in fish, as well as in humans, only 1-6% Cd and up to 10% of other metals resorbed via bowel mucous reaches muscles (Ohti and Chtenior, 1991). Spry and Wiener (1991) even draw a conclusion that, unlike methyl-Hg, Pb and Cd do not accumulate in the skeletal musculature in significant concentrations, therefore contamination of fish with these metals presents no particular risk to human health.…”

Heavy Metals in Fish from Lakes in Latvia: Concentrations and Trends of Changes

“…5), and females had higher concentrations in all studied tissues. This difference likely is influenced by differences in feeding habits and metabolism; females of a given length are older than males of the same length (Berninger and Pennanen 1995).…”

“…In freshwater systems, fish samples often are analyzed to estimate the trace metal pollution (Berninger and Pennanen 1995;Rashed 2001). However, many factors that influence the metal concentration in fish tissues are poorly understood.…”