Heavy metals in Indian coals and corresponding fly‐ash and their relationship with particulate size

Fulekar, M. H.; Naik, D. Saida; Dave, J.M.

doi:10.1080/00207238308710074

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…These values are higher than this work's values for TSP, PM 10 and PM 2.5 . The results show that Ni concentrations are lower at road junctions than near residential and industrial sites since Ni is produced in the combustion of coal (Fuleka et al 1983;Dzubay et al 1982;Stevens et al 1984;Pirrone et al 1996). Van Grieken et al (1982) reported Ni levels of 0.012 μg m −3 for Recife (Brazil) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), 0.034 μg m −3 for US Urban and 0.027 μg m −3 for Washington.…”

Section: Nickelmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Lead levels were found to increase with decrease in particle size, with the average in PM 10 and PM 2.5 being 0.166 and 0.185 μg m −3 respectively. This shows that combustion is the major source since Lead from combustion is associated with fine particles (Fuleka et al 1983;Dzubay et al 1982;Stevens et al 1984). The WHO annual Lead guideline limit is 0.5 μg m −3 , which is the same as the UK-EU guideline limit.…”

Section: Leadmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The levels of Co are higher in the fine (respirable) fraction compared to the levels in the coarse (PM 10 ) and TSP fractions. In a study on metal emissions from coal powered thermal stations by Fuleka et al (1983), metals like Co, Cr, Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn and Ni were found to be more concentrated in the fine particulates than coarse particulates. Duggan and Burton (1983), measured the average concentration of metals in air at sites in London.…”

Section: Cobaltmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fossil fuel combustion is also a source of Co (Fuleka et al 1983). The city of Harare soils are likely to have high levels of Co since it is one of the elements present in the Great Dyke.…”

Section: Cobaltmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Increased traffic fleets and higher demand for energy are the most notable air pollution causes (Barrat 1990;Melgarejo et al 1986;Stephen 1981;Agrawal et al 1980;Fuleka et al 1983;Ho and Tai 1988;Dube 1992;Musonza 1996;Musekiwa 1998;Zvimba 1999;Zendera 2001). Research has shown that airborne particulates of small size can cause severe respiratory problems particularly in urban areas (Nriagu 1988;Barrat 1990;Pope et al 2002;Stephen 1981;Mugica et al 2002;Salma et al 2002a;Morris 2001;Yamaguchi and Yamazaki 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ambiental dust speciation and metal content variation in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in urban atmospheric air of Harare (Zimbabwe)

Kuvarega

Taru

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Levels of TSP, PM(10) and PM(2.5) as well as levels of Pb, Co, Ni and Cd in TSP, PM(10) and PM(2.5) have been determined in atmospheric particulates collected at Loius Mountbatten School (Harare). The samples were collected for a period of 6 months from July to December 2002. The average levels of TSP, PM(10) and PM(2.5) measured at the site are 106.11, 59.70 and 40.55 mg m(-3) respectively. The average level of TSP at Loius Mountbatten School is 106.11 mg m(-3), which is higher than the annual WHO guideline limit of 90 mg m(-3). The average level of PM(10) measured at Loius Mountbatten School is 59.70 mg m(-3), and is higher than the US-EPA and UK-EU guideline limit of 50 mg m(-3). The average level of PM(2.5) measured at the site are also higher than the WHO and US-EPA annual guideline limit of 15 mg m(-3). The analysis of metal concentrations in TSP, PM(10) and PM(2.5) was done using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). The analysis showed the following average elemental concentrations: 0.157 mg Pb m(-3) in TSP, 0.166 mg Pb m(-3) in PM(10), 0.185 mg Pb m(-3) in PM(2.5), 0.009 mg Co m(-3) in TSP, 0.007 mg Co m(-3) in PM(10), 0.011 mg Co m(-3) in PM(2.5), 0.223 mg Ni m(-3) in TSP, 0.166 mg Ni m(-3) in PM(10), 0.180 mg Ni m(-3) in PM(2.5) and 0.005 mg Cd m(-3) in TSP, 0.006 mg Cd m(-3) in PM(10), 0.005 mg Cd m(-3) in PM(2.5). The levels of Pb and Ni were generally higher than those of Co and Cd and this could have been due to high traffic volumes and various industrial activities in the Workington Industrial Area.

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Section: Nickelmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Leadmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Cobaltmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fossil fuel combustion is also a source of Co (Fuleka et al 1983). The city of Harare soils are likely to have high levels of Co since it is one of the elements present in the Great Dyke.…”

Section: Cobaltmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ambiental dust speciation and metal content variation in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in urban atmospheric air of Harare (Zimbabwe)

Kuvarega

Taru

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Some aspects of characterisation, utilisation and environmental effects of fly ash

Mohapatra

Rao

2001

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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A review on¯y ash, an important but problematic waste material is presented. The article deals with several aspects of the characterisation, extraction of metal values leaching and associated environmental pollution problems due to¯y ash. Characterisation includes classi®cation, physicochemical and mineralogical analysis, presence of organic carbon and the signi®cance of cenospheres. Utilisation aspects are con®ned to extraction of metal values and discuss the elemental distribution in y ash while also covering several aspects of leaching including the leaching of speci®c metals. Effect of y ash on surroundings, including ground water pollution and associated problems during disposal, are considered while dealing with the environmental aspects. Some remedial measures are also suggested.

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Restoration of fly ash dump through biological interventions

Juwarkar

Jambhulkar

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Field experiment on 10 ha area of fly ash dump was conducted to restore and revegetate it using biological interventions, which involves use of organic amendment, selection of suitable plant species along with specialized nitrogen fixing strains of biofertilizer. The results of the study indicated that amendment with farm yard manure at 50 t/ha improved the physical properties of fly ash such as maximum water holding capacity from 40.0 to 62.42% while porosity improved from 56.78 to 58.45%. The nitrogen content was increased by 4.5 times due to addition of nitrogen fixing strains of Bradyrhizobium and Azotobacter species, while phosphate content was increased by 10.0 times due to addition of VAM, which helps in phosphate immobilization. Due to biofertilizer inoculation different microbial groups such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter and VAM spores, which were practically absent in fly ash improved to 7.1 x 10(7), 9.2 x 10(7) CFU/g and 35 VAM spores/10 g of fly ash, respectively. Inoculation of biofertilizer and application of FYM helped in reducing the toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, nickel and lead which were reduced by 25, 46, 48 and 47%, respectively, due to the increased organic matter content in the fly ash which complexes the heavy metals thereby decreasing the toxicity of metals. Amendment of fly ash with FYM and biofertilizer helped in profuse root development showing 15 times higher growth in Dendrocalamus strictus plant as compared to the control. Thus amendment and biofertilizer application provided better supportive material for anchorage and growth of the plant.

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Heavy metals in Indian coals and corresponding fly‐ash and their relationship with particulate size

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Ambiental dust speciation and metal content variation in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in urban atmospheric air of Harare (Zimbabwe)

Ambiental dust speciation and metal content variation in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in urban atmospheric air of Harare (Zimbabwe)

Some aspects of characterisation, utilisation and environmental effects of fly ash

Restoration of fly ash dump through biological interventions

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