Heavy Metals Accumulation in Water, Sediments and Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Two Fishing Settlements along River Kaduna in Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

Freshwater is a vital medium by which fish for human consumption are cultured, thus, preserving its quality is essential. The presence and bioaccumulation pattern of some heavy metal concentrations in wild African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) muscles and water samples, collected from River Kaduna during the dry season month of December was assessed, to determine their concentrations, physico-chemical parameters, and risk evaluation of selected metals and their effects on fish quality. Analysis was carried out using standard analytical procedures and methods. Risk assessment for Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd, and Hg were based on average daily dose, hazard quotient, and cancer risk was also determined. Result showed that physico-chemical parameters, were within WHO recommended threshold limits, and mean concentrations of heavy metals followed the order Fe>Pb>Hg>Ni>Cd. Carcinogenic risk () via ingestion of fish muscles for Pb, Hg and Cd were higher than the acceptable limit (10-6). Anthropogenic activities, especially indiscriminate waste disposal were suggested as the main contributor to environmental pollution. Findings reveals possible health implications, thus constant surveillance was suggested to guide appropriate response.

Assessing Health Risk of Heavy Metal Ingestion for Fish Consumption in Idku Lake, Egypt

“…The highest values were recorded in Clarias gariepinus, while the lowest values were in the Nile tilapia. These findings are matching with the previous results in Nigeria (Omozokpia et al, 2015). It was noticed that the recorded values of chromium in all fish did not exceed the internationally permitted levels (2.3 micrograms / gram) given by the FAO/WHO.…”

“…The highest values of nickel were recorded in Clarias gariepinus, while the lowest value was in Dicentrarchus labrax, as shown in Table (1). These results are slightly higher than the previous results in Nigeria (Omozokpia et al, 2015). It was denoted that the recorded values of nickel in all fish exceeded by a large percentage the internationally permissible levels (0.03 micrograms /g) given by the FAO/WHO.…”

Nutrient Evaluation of Charcoal and Gas Smoked Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Sarotherodun Galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) From Bauchi River (Gubi Dam)

“…The protein content of charcoal smoked catfish (26.31%) is higher than gas smoked (24.28%). Similarly, Omozokpia et al (2015) also reported that protein contents increased with decrease in moisture content. However, the protein contents of tilapia fishes in this study 36.47% and 37.30% for charcoal and gas smoked, respectively are lower than that 48.87%, 49.40% and 64.90% after 15 hours of smoke-drying tilapia fishes at 50 o C, 60 o C and 70 o C, respectively (Idah and Nwankwo, 2013).…”