Heavy metal removal by combining anaerobic upflow packed bed reactors with water hyacinth ponds

Abstract

The removal of four selected heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) has been assessed in an upflow anaerobic packed bed reactor filled with porous volcanic rock as an adsorbent and an attachment surface for bacterial growth. Two different feeding regimes were applied using low (5 mg L(-1) of heavy metal each) and high (10 mg L(-1) of heavy metal each) strength wastewater. After a start-up and acclimatization period of 44 days, each regime was operated for a period of 10 days with a hydraulic retention time of one day. Good removal efficiencies of at least 86% were achieved for both the low and high strength wastewater. A subsequent water hyacinth pond with a hydraulic retention time of one day removed an additional 61% Cd, 59% Cu, 49% Pb and 42% Zn, showing its importance as a polishing step. The water hyacinth plant in the post-treatment step accumulated heavy metals mainly in the root system. Overall metal removal efficiencies at the outlet of the integrated system were 98% for Cd, 99% for Cu, 98% for Pb and 84% for Zn. Therefore, the integrated system can be used as an alternative treatment system for metal-polluted wastewater, especially in developing countries.

Application of Floating Aquatic Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water: A Review

“…High removal percentage (70-90%) for various heavy metals such as copper, chromium, zinc, iron, and lead from textile wastewater was observed with the water hyacinth as reported by different researchers [269,275,276]. Duckweed (Lemna minor) also showed great potential for the removal of Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cd from the textile wastewater [185]. It has been reported previously that the application of an aquatic macrophytes treatment system (AMTS) is beneficial for the remediation of textile wastewater [277].…”

FITOREMEDIASI ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) PADA LIMBAH DOMESTIK DAN TIMBAL DI HILIR SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO GRESIK SEBAGAI SOLUSI KETERSEDIAAN AIR BERSIH SEKARANG DAN MASA DEPAN

“…Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aurangzeb, et al (2014), penggunaan tanaman eceng gondok dalam fitroremidiasi air yang tercemar logam berat menunjukkan efisiensi yang sangat besar dimana salah satunya yaitu efisiensi penyerapan logam Pb sebesar 73%. Penggunaan eceng gondok dengan menggunakan upflow reactors menunjukkan bahwa logam berat terakumulasi pada akar eceng gondok dan efiseiensi eceng gondok dalam menyerap logam berat Pb mencapai 98% (Soekomo, et al, 2012). Penelitian penyerapan logam berat dari air limbah menggunakan tanaman eceng gondok yang dilakukan oleh Li, et al (2015) menunjukkan bahwa laju penghilangan logam Pb dalam air oleh tanaman eceng gondok sebesar 98,33%.…”

Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review

“…Constructed wetlands High retention time and large area required for establishment [66,98] Use of White-rot fungi along with bioreactor It has long hydraulic retention time and requires large reactors [99,100] Microalgae Conditions hard to maintain, selection of suitable algae is critical [101] Duckweed and algae ponds Inefficient removal of heavy metals [102,103] Though many of these technologies have excellent performance, they have many limitations [67,104]. Many physicochemical treatment options are costly because of the equipment [67].…”